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Despite progress in reducing the infant mortality in India, the neonatal mortality decline has been slower, necessitating concerted efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal-3. A promising strategy aimin...
This article reports an update to the protocol of the IMASOY trial, which was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04110340) in October 2019.
The Research to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:815
Lithiasis is a common and recurrent disease. Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) is the cornerstone of laser treatment of kidney stones. Kidney stones destruction requires its laser pulverization into small fragments...
Challenges to recruitment of family caregivers exist and are amplified when consent must occur in the context of chaotic healthcare circumstances, such as the transition from hospital to home. The onset of the...
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are among the most common congenital anomaly that affects up to 33,000 newborns in India every year. Nasoalveolar moulding (NAM) is a non-surgical treatment performed between 0 and 6...
Despite the low-risk nature of participation in most clinical anesthesia trials, subject recruitment on the same day as surgery is often restricted due to the concerns of researchers and local research ethics ...
Many stroke survivors remain with residual cognitive and motor impairments despite receiving timely acute and sub-acute rehabilitation. This indicates that rehabilitation following stroke should be continuous ...
Patients with language barriers encounter healthcare disparities, which may be alleviated by leveraging interpreter skills to reduce cultural, language, and literacy barriers through improved bidirectional com...
One single-center randomized clinical trial showed that INTELLiVENT-adaptive support ventilation (ASV) is superior to conventional ventilation with respect to the quality of ventilation in post-cardiac surgery...
Combination prevention interventions, when integrated with community-based support, have been shown to be particularly beneficial to adolescent and young peoples’ sexual and reproductive health. Between 2020 a...
The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains unclear in the immuno-oncology (IO) era. The results of two randomized trials, CARMENA and SURTIME,...
Globally, violence against children poses substantial health and economic challenges, with estimated costs nearing USD 7 trillion. This prompts the urgent call for effective evidence-based interventions in pre...
The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2024 25:119
Body weight loss (BWL) after gastrectomy impact on the short- and long-term outcomes. Oral nutritional supplement (ONS) has potential to prevent BWL in patients after gastrectomy. However, there is no consiste...
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) involves cognitive decline beyond typical age-related changes, but without significant daily activity disruption. It can encompass various cognitive domains as the causes of MCI...
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are 12-fold more likely to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) 4–6 years after delivery than women without GDM. Similarly, GDM is associated with the devel...
Neck pain is a prevalent global musculoskeletal issue, significantly contributing to the loss of years of healthy life due to disability. Chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP) involves diverse symptoms impactin...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting overall quality of life. Approximately one third of individuals with depression do n...
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a distressing condition that affects approximately 25–80% of patients following surgery for rectal cancer. LARS is characterized by debilitating bowel dysfunction symp...
Moderately severe or major trauma (injury severity score (ISS) > 8) is common, often resulting in physical and psychological problems and leading to difficulties in returning to work. Vocational rehabilitation...
Colon cancer is a global health concern, ranking fifth in both new diagnoses and deaths among tumors worldwide. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment for localized cases, with a historical evolut...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and at present, India has the highest burden of acute coronary syndrome and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). A key reason for p...
The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2024 25:463
Compared to traditional thoracotomy, transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) surgery offers reduced trauma and faster recovery, fostering the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERA...
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Management of HDP is complex, particularly because of concern...
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication that is characterized by acute onset of impaired cognitive function and is associated with an increased mortality, a prolonged duration of hospital stay, a...
Surfactant is a well-established therapy for preterm neonates affected by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The goals of different methods of surfactant administration are to reduce the duration of mechanic...
Norepinephrine and phenylephrine are commonly used vasoactive drugs to treat hypotension during the perioperative period. The increased release of endogenous norepinephrine elicits prothrombotic changes, while...
Use of sedatives and analgesics is associated with the occurrence of delirium in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Dexmedetomidine reduces the occurrence of delirium but may cause hypot...
Rural African people living with HIV face significant challenges in entering and remaining in HIV care. In rural Uganda, for example, there is a threefold higher prevalence of HIV compared to the national aver...
Randomised trials are essential to reliably assess medical interventions. Nevertheless, interpretation of such studies, particularly when considering absolute effects, is enhanced by understanding how the tria...
Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is an early α-synucleinopathy often accompanied by incipient cognitive impairment. As executive dysfunctions predict earlier phenotypic conversion from iRBD to Parki...
Acute leukaemias (AL) are life-threatening blood cancers that can be potentially cured with treatment involving myelosuppressive, multiagent, intensive chemotherapy (IC). However, such treatment is associated ...
Current management of mesenteric ischemia is primarily endovascular stent treatment. Typical CMI symptoms are postprandial abdominal pain, food fear, weight loss, and diarrhea. Revascularization is often neces...
Social isolation and loneliness (SIL) worsens mortality and other outcomes among older adults as much as smoking. We previously tested the impact of the HOW R U? intervention using peer support from similar-ag...
Most patients starting chronic in-center hemodialysis (HD) receive conventional hemodialysis (CHD) with three sessions per week targeting specific biochemical clearance. Observational studies suggest that pati...
Vitamin D is necessary to develop healthy lungs and other organs early in life. Most infants born before 28 weeks’ gestation have low vitamin D levels at birth and a limited intake during the first month. Ente...
Bladder dysfunction, notably urinary retention, emerges as a significant complication for cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy, predominantly due to nerve damage, severely impacting their po...
Cocaine craving is a central symptom of cocaine use disorders (CUD). Virtual reality cue-exposure therapy for craving (VRCET) allows more immersive, realistic, and controllable exposure than traditional non-VR...
Treatment of displaced distal forearm fractures in children has traditionally been closed reduction and pin fixation, although they might heal and remodel without surgery with no functional impairment. No rand...
Mental health literacy is a promising avenue of intervention for addressing the development of psychopathology, as well as its associated consequences, such as a decrease in academic performance. The current s...
Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common complication after stroke. It severely affects the recovery of upper limb motor function. Early shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients is mainly neuropathic caused by c...
According to the World Health Organization, alcohol is a major global public health problem, leading to a significant increase in illness and death. To treat alcohol use disorders, new therapeutic tools are be...
The original article was published in Trials 2024 25:304
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are rigorous scientific research designs for evaluating intervention effectiveness. However, implementing RCTs in a real-world context is challenging. To develop strategies ...
Improving outcomes after surgery is a major public health research priority for patients, clinicians and the NHS. The greatest burden of perioperative complications, mortality and healthcare costs lies amongst...
Morbid obesity is a complex chronic condition characterized by a body mass index of 40 kg/m2 or higher. The incidence of the condition is on the rise in developed countries, and bariatric surgery has been propose...
Parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) experience more stress than parents of typically developing children. In a cocreation process with experts and parents, a low-threshold application ...
The Movethehip trial investigates the effectiveness of an exercise and patient education intervention for adults with acetabular dysplasia. The intervention involves eight tailored one-to-one sessions with tra...
The original article was published in Trials 2023 24:20
Adverse events suffer from poor reporting within randomised controlled trials, despite them being crucial to the evaluation of a treatment. A recent update to the CONSORT harms checklist aims to improve report...
There are no approved pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine use disorder. Two preliminary phase 2 randomised controlled trials have found mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant, to be effective in reducing ...
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