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  1. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severely debilitating condition which markedly restricts activity and function of affected people. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic ...

    Authors: Hannah Preßler, Marie-Luise Machule, Friederike Ufer, Isabel Bünger, Lucie Yuanting Li, Emilie Buchholz, Claudia Werner, Esther Beraha, Frank Wagner, Matthes Metz, Susen Burock, Lisa Bruckert, Christiana Franke, Nicola Wilck, Anne Krüger, Alexander Reshetnik…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:172
  2. With an increasing collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in oncological patients, there is still a lack of standardised strategies on how to interpret...

    Authors: Pimrapat Gebert, Maria Margarete Karsten, Anna Maria Hage, Adam David Dordevic and Ulrike Grittner
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:171
  3. Women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries are often at risk of micronutrient deficiencies due to inadequate intakes and excessive losses.

    Authors: Desalegn Kuche, Zeweter Abebe, Masresha Tessema, Meron Girma, Alemayehu Hussen, Kaleab Baye and Barbara J. Stoecker
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:170
  4. Good vision highly depends on the transparency of the cornea, which is the “windscreen” of the eye. In fact, corneal blindness due to transparency loss is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide, a...

    Authors: Johanna Wiedemann, Deniz Hos, Endrik Limburg, Ulrike Zettelmeyer, Petra Schiller, Jeremy Franklin, Björn Bachmann, Daniel Böhringer, Tina Dietrich-Ntoukas, Thomas A. Fuchsluger, Gerd Geerling, Stefan J. Lang, Wolfgang Johann Mayer, Siegfried Priglinger, Thomas Reinhard, Berthold Seitz…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:169
  5. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known as a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily targets synovial joints, and may cause pain and functional limitations. Studies show diet can have beneficial effects...

    Authors: Mahsa Ranjbar, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, Abdolrahman Rostamian, Hamed Mohammadi and Kurosh Djafarian
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:168
  6. Fluoridation of public water systems is known as a safe and effective strategy for preventing dental caries based on evidence from non-randomized studies. Yet 110 million Americans do not have access to a fluo...

    Authors: Anne E. Sanders, Kimon Divaris, Tewodros R. Godebo and Gary D. Slade
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:167
  7. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion. Hypertension and increased blood pressure variability within the first 24 h after successful...

    Authors: Li-na Yang, Yi Sun, Yu-zhu Wang, Jing Wang, Yi-sha Qi, Shan-shan Mu, Yun-peng Liu, Zi-qing Zhang, Zi-mo Chen, Xiao-jie Wang, Wu-xiang Xie, Chang-wei Wei, Yang Wang and An-shi Wu
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:166
  8. In the Lake Victoria basin of western Kenya, malaria remains highly endemic despite high coverage of interventions such as mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), indoor residual spraying (...

    Authors: Tomoya Matsumoto, Masaru Nagashima, Wataru Kagaya, James Kongere, Jesse Gitaka and Akira Kaneko
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:165
  9. Mortality, cerebral injury, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are common complications of very preterm birth. An important risk factor for these complications is hemodynamic instability. Pre-clinical studies...

    Authors: Sten P. Willemsen, Ronny Knol, Emma Brouwer, Thomas van den Akker, Philip L. J. DeKoninck, Enrico Lopriore, Wes Onland, Willem P. de Boode, Anton H. van Kaam, Debbie H. Nuytemans, Irwin K. M. Reiss, G. Jeroen Hutten, Sandra A. Prins, Estelle E. M. Mulder, Christian V. Hulzebos, Sam J. van Sambeeck…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:164
  10. Harms, also known as adverse events (AEs), are recorded and monitored in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to ensure participants’ safety. Harms are recorded poorly or inconsistently in RCTs of Behaviour Cha...

    Authors: Diana Papaioannou, Kirsty Sprange, Sienna Hamer-Kiwacz, Cara Mooney, Gwenllian Moody and Cindy Cooper
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:163
  11. Research into the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and memory has demonstrated the cognitive-enhancing effects associated with diverse classes of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Specific PDE inhib...

    Authors: Nina Possemis, Frans Verhey, Jos Prickaerts, Arjan Blokland and Inez Ramakers
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:162
  12. Burn injuries are important medical problems that, aside from skin damage, cause a systemic response including inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, immune response, and hypermetabolic and catab...

    Authors: Zahra Kiani, Nadereh Khorsand, Fahimeh Beigi, Gholamreza Askari, Manoj Sharma and Mohammad Bagherniya
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:160
  13. Within England, children and young people (CYP) who come into police custody are referred to Liaison and Diversion (L&D) teams. L&D teams have responsibility for liaising with healthcare and other support serv...

    Authors: Gwenllian Moody, Elinor Coulman, Emma Crocker-White, Kylie Gray, Richard P. Hastings, Andrea Longman, Fiona Lugg-Widger, Rebecca Playle, Jeremy Segrott, Paul Thompson, Julia Badger, Peter E. Langdon and Samantha Flynn
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:159
  14. Emerging adulthood is often associated with mental health problems. About one in three university students report symptoms of depression and anxiety that can negatively affect their developmental trajectory co...

    Authors: Anne H. Berman, Naira Topooco, Petra Lindfors, Marcus Bendtsen, Philip Lindner, Olof Molander, Martin Kraepelien, Christopher Sundström, Nooshin Talebizadeh, Karin Engström, George Vlaescu, Gerhard Andersson and Claes Andersson
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:158
  15. Outcome assessment in perioperative exercise trials for lung cancer is heterogeneous, often omitting those that are important and patient-relevant. This heterogeneity hinders the synthesis of evidence. To addr...

    Authors: Wanjun Zhou, Yawen Zhang, Zhiwei Wang, Liang Zhang and Xinqiong Zhang
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:157
  16. Aspirin is typically discontinued in cranial and spinal surgery because of the increased risk of hemorrhagic complications, but comes together with the risk of resulting in an increase of cardiac and neurologi...

    Authors: Ahmed Zian, Gijsbert M. Overdevest, Pieter J. Schutte, Frederikus A. Klok, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Wouter A. Moojen and Niels A. van der Gaag
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:156
  17. Substance use disorder is associated with unhealthy lifestyle choices, resulting in adverse social and health consequences. People with opioid use disorder receiving opioid agonist therapy, in particular, have...

    Authors: Einar Furulund, Tesfaye Madebo, Karl Trygve Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Jørn Henrik Vold, Mette Hegland Nordbotn, Eivin Dahl, Sindre M. Dyrstad, Torgeir Gilje Lid and Lars T. Fadnes
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:155
  18. Plasmodium vivax remains a major challenge for malaria control and elimination due to its ability to cause relapsing illness. To prevent relapses the Indian National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCV...

    Authors: Sundus Shafat Ahmad, Reena Verma, Robert J. Commons, Nitika, Sauman Singh-Phulgenda, Rutuja Chhajed, Praveen K. Bharti, Beauty Behera, Syed Mohammad Naser, Salil Kumar Pal, Parinita Halder Ranjit, Rajendra Kumar Baharia, Bhavin Solanki, K. J. Upadhyay, Philippe J. Guerin, Amit Sharma…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:154
  19. The ProMPT-2 trial (Propofol for Myocardial Protection Trial #2) aims to compare the safety and efficacy of low- and high-dose propofol supplementation of the cardioplegia solution during adult cardiac surgery ve...

    Authors: Helena Smartt, Gianni D. Angelini, Ben Gibbison and Chris A. Rogers
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:153
  20. Obesity and its associated health complications have become a global public health concern, necessitating innovative approaches to weight management. One emerging area of research focuses on the influence of c...

    Authors: Monica Dinu, Sofia Lotti, Giuditta Pagliai, Antonia Napoletano, Marta Tristan Asensi, Ilaria Giangrandi, Rossella Marcucci, Amedeo Amedei, Barbara Colombini and Francesco Sofi
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:152
  21. The massive scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) has led to a major reduction in malaria burden in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently issued...

    Authors: Colette Sih, Natacha Protopopoff, Alphonsine A. Koffi, Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou, Edouard Dangbenon, Louisa A. Messenger, Manisha A. Kulkarni, Marius G. Zoh, Soromane Camara, Serge B. Assi, Raphael N’Guessan and Jackie Cook
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:151
  22. Recruitment of participants is the greatest risk to completion of most clinical trials, with 20–40% of trials failing to reach the targeted enrollment. This is particularly true of trials of central nervous sy...

    Authors: Brad J. Kolls, Keith W. Muir, Sean I. Savitz, Lawrence R. Wechsler, Julie G. Pilitsis, Scott Rahimi, Richard L. Beckman, Vincent Holmes, Peng R. Chen, David S. Albers and Daniel T. Laskowitz
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:150
  23. Patients with obesity often experience psychological distress, specifically depression symptoms. Due to various barriers, such as limitations of healthcare offers, digital interventions, for example medical ap...

    Authors: Dilara Kocol, Sheila Geiger, Adam Schweda, Jil Beckord, Theresa Schadendorf, Christoph Jansen, Anita Robitzsch, Eva-Maria Skoda, Martin Teufel and Alexander Bäuerle
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:149
  24. The war in South Sudan has displaced more than four million people, with Uganda hosting the largest number of South Sudanese refugees. Research in Uganda has shown elevated levels of alcohol misuse and psychol...

    Authors: Catharina F. van der Boor, Dalili Taban, Wietse A. Tol, Josephine Akellot, Melissa Neuman, Helen A. Weiss, Giulia Greco, Anna Vassall, Carl May, Abhijit Nadkarni, Eugene Kinyanda, Bayard Roberts and Daniela C. Fuhr
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:148

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2024 25:208

  25. Besides motor impairments, up to 90% of the children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) present with somatosensory impairments in the upper limb. As somatosensory information is of utmost imp...

    Authors: Lize Kleeren, Lisa Mailleux, Belinda McLean, Catherine Elliott, Griet Dequeker, Anja Van Campenhout, Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry, Geert Verheyden, Els Ortibus, Katrijn Klingels and Hilde Feys
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:147
  26. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) may lead to decreased quality of life (QOL) and increased anxiety and depression in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), possibly due to the lac...

    Authors: Ying Du, Shanshan Ma, Pan Yue, Ying Xu, Ya Wen, Mingzhu Ji, Lingxiao He and Dengbin Liao
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:146
  27. Up to 27% of the German population suffers from recurrent or persistent pain (lasting more than three months). Therefore, prevention of chronic pain is one major object of pain management interventions. The ai...

    Authors: Sandra Meyer-Moock, Daniel Szczotkowski, Leonie Schouten, Frank Petzke, Lena Milch, Beatrice Metz-Oster, Louise Zinndorf, Christian Geber, Greta Hoffmann, Anke Preißler, Ursula Marschall, Felix Rottke, Anja Waidner, André Möller, Thomas Isenberg, Gabriele Lindena…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:145
  28. The ageing population has increased the prevalence of disabling and high-cost diseases, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The latter can be considered a prodromal phase of some dementias an...

    Authors: Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas, Begoña Góngora, María Francisca Alonso, Alonso Ortega, Patricio Soto-Fernández, Lucía Z-Rivera, Sebastián Ramírez, Francisca González, Paula Muñoz Venturelli and Pablo Billeke
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:144
  29. Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to developing mental health problems, and rates of mental health disorder in this age group have increased in the last decade. Preventing mental health probl...

    Authors: Essi Viding, Alex Lloyd, Roslyn Law, Peter Martin, Laura Lucas, Tom Chin-Han Wu, Nikolaus Steinbeis, Nick Midgley, René Veenstra, Jaime Smith, Lili Ly, Geoffrey Bird, Jennifer Murphy, David Plans, Marcus Munafo, Ian Penton-Voak…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:143
  30. Seroma after breast cancer surgery is a frequent entity; therefore, different products have been described in literature with the aim to reduce it. The most studied ones have been the sealants products, being ...

    Authors: Sandra López Gordo, Neus Ruiz-Edo, Maria Teresa Fernández-Planas, Sara Viscaya-Martín and Cristina Serra-Serra
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:142
  31. Over 3000 young people under the age of 18 are admitted to Tier 4 Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) inpatient units across the UK each year. The average length of hospital stay for young peop...

    Authors: Thilipan Thaventhiran, Ben Hoi-Ching Wong, Izabela Pilecka, Saba Masood, Opeyemi Atanda, Joe Clacey, Jovanka Tolmac, Leon Wehncke, Liana Romaniuk, Margaret Heslin, Emma Tassie, Petrina Chu, Rhys Bevan-Jones, Ruth Woolhouse, Tauseef Mahdi, Veronika Beatrice Dobler…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:141
  32. Vision is an important and defining element of laparoscopy and significantly affects the outcome of surgery in terms of time, error, and precision. Several new imaging systems have become available for laparos...

    Authors: Tibor A. Zwimpfer, Nadja Stiegeler, Philip C. Müller, Andreas Schötzau, Bernhard Fellmann-Fischer, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Ralph Peterli and Marko Kraljević
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:140
  33. Trial method research produces recommendations on how to best conduct trials. However, findings are not routinely implemented into practice. To better understand why, we conducted a mixed method study on the c...

    Authors: Taylor Coffey, Paula R. Williamson and Katie Gillies
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:139
  34. Cornea is the most important refractive media in the eye, and damage to the corneal endothelium is one of the most common causes of poor visual outcome following cataract surgery, particularly in those with pr...

    Authors: Soujanya Kaup, Dimple Kondal, Siddharudha Shivalli and John Buchan
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:138
  35. The advantages of laparoscopic left-sided hepatectomy (LLH) for treating hepatolithiasis in terms of the time to postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS), morbidity, long-term abdominal wall hernias, hospit...

    Authors: Shu-bo Pan, Chun-li Wu, Da-chen Zhou, Qi-ru Xiong, Xiao-ping Geng and Hui Hou
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:137
  36. The continual development and implementation of effective digital interventions is one important strategy that may serve to bridge the well-known treatment gap related to problematic alcohol use. Research sugg...

    Authors: Christopher Sundström, Ekaterina Ivanova, Philip Lindner, Magnus Johansson and Martin Kraepelien
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:136
  37. Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is the most reported shoulder disorder in the general population with highest prevalence in overhead athletes and adult working-age population. A growing body of evidence support...

    Authors: Birgitte Hougs Kjær, Ann M. Cools, Finn E. Johannsen, Jeanette Trøstrup, Theresa Bieler, Volkert Siersma and Peter S. Magnusson
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:135
  38. Emotional blunting is a symptom that has always been present in depressed patients. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and effective supplementary therapy for treating depression. Ho...

    Authors: Yuyu Zhang, Nailong Tang, Lei Lei, Runxin Lv, Yaochi Zhang, Nian Liu, Haixia Chen, Min Cai and Huaning Wang
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:134
  39. Patients with cervical spondylosis myelopathy (CSM) may experience severe neurological dysfunction due to untimely spinal cord compression after surgery. These disorders may lead to sensory and motion disorder...

    Authors: Jiajun Wu, Zhongchuan Sun, Zhichao Ge, Dong Zhang, Jianghan Xu, Rilin Zhang, Xuecheng Liu, Qing Zhao and Hao Sun
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:133
  40. Nowadays, large benign lateral spreading lesions (LSLs) and sessile polyps in the colorectum are mostly resected by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). A major drawback of EMR is the polyp recurrence rate of u...

    Authors: Gijs Kemper, Christian Gerges, Erik J. Schoon, Ramon-Michel Schreuder, Ruud R. W. Schrauwen, Ludger S. M. Epping, Torsten Beyna, Joost P. H. Drenth, Ufuk Gündug, Peter D. Siersema and Erwin J. M. van Geenen
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:132
  41. We evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of manualised sensory integration therapy (SIT) for autistic children with sensory processing difficulties in a two-arm randomised controlled trial. Trial proce...

    Authors: Elizabeth Randell, Rachel McNamara, Monica Busse, Sue Delport, Rhys Williams-Thomas, Wakunyambo Maboshe, David Gillespie, Sarah Milosevic, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Melissa Wright, Richard P. Hastings, Anne Marie McKigney, Eleni Glarou and Alka Ahuja
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:131
  42. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in China, with the highest mortality rate. Surgery is the primary treatment for early lung cancer. However, patients with lung cancer have a heavy burden of symptoms withi...

    Authors: Ying Liang, Pengyu Jing, Zhongping Gu, Lei Shang, Peng Ge, Yong Zhang, Lv Wang, Chun Qiu, Ximing Zhu and Zhijun Tan
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:130
  43. The guidelines of the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes suggest that patients with obesity type 2 diabetics and chronic kidney disease need either glucagon-like p...

    Authors: Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Kavita Narula, Alexander D. Miras, Etab Taghadom, Abeer El Samad, Jumana Al Kandari, Anas Alyosef, Anant Mashankar, Werd Al-Najim and Carel W. le Roux
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:129
  44. Transfer of severely injured patients to trauma centers, either directly from the field or after evaluation at non-trauma centers, reduces preventable morbidity and mortality. Failure to transfer these patien...

    Authors: Deepika Mohan, Derek C. Angus, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Jonathan Elmer, Baruch Fischhoff, Kim J. Rak, Jacqueline L. Barnes, Andrew B. Peitzman and Douglas B. White
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:127
  45. Vancomycin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic to treat gram-positive infections. The efficacy of vancomycin is known to be directly related to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index of the area un...

    Authors: Glenn Van Wynsberge, Veerle Grootaert, Franky Buyle, Jens Van Praet, Roos Colman, Ine Moors, Annemie Somers, Diana Huis in ‘t Veld and Pieter De Cock
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:126
  46. As part of the German Medical Informatics Initiative, the MIRACUM project establishes data integration centers across ten German university hospitals. The embedded MIRACUM Use Case “Alerting in Care - IT Suppo...

    Authors: Martin Boeker, Daniela Zöller, Romina Blasini, Philipp Macho, Sven Helfer, Max Behrens, Hans-Ulrich Prokosch and Christian Gulden
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:125
  47. Persons with opioid use disorders who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States (US) face multiple and intertwining health risks. These include interference with consistent access, linkage, and retention to hea...

    Authors: David Goodman-Meza, Steven Shoptaw, Brett Hanscom, Laramie R. Smith, Philip Andrew, Irene Kuo, Jordan E. Lake, David Metzger, Ellen A. B. Morrison, Melissa Cummings, Jessica M. Fogel, Paul Richardson, Jayla Harris, Jesse Heitner, Sarah Stansfield and Nabila El-Bassel
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:124
  48. Anorectal fistula, which is a relatively common pathology, is the chronic manifestation of the acute perirectal process that forms an anal abscess. The development of a fistula after incision and drainage of a...

    Authors: Verónica Polaino Moreno, Antonio F. Caballero-Bermejo, Mariano Artés Caselles, Javier Serrano González, Xabier Remírez Arriaga, Natalia González Alcolea, Aritz Equisoain Azcona, Eva Iglesias García, José Luis Lucena de la Poza, Arsenio Sánchez Movilla and Belén Ruiz-Antorán
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:122

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