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  1. Post-traumatic wrist osteoarthritis (OA) can eventually lead to pain, muscular weakness, and stiffness of the wrist, which can affect the function of the entire upper limb and reduce the quality of life. Altho...

    Authors: Sara L. Larsson, Elisabeth Ekstrand, Lars B. Dahlin, Anders Björkman and Elisabeth Brogren
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:628
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) when applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to be equally effective and safe to treat depression compared to traditional repetit...

    Authors: Marte Christine Ørbo, Ole K. Grønli, Camilla Larsen, Torgil R. Vangberg, Oddgeir Friborg, Zsolt Turi, Matthias Mittner, Gabor Csifcsak and Per M. Aslaksen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:627
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. This update summarizes key changes made to the protocol for the Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) Technique Trial—North American Weaning Collaborative (FAST-NAWC) trial since the pub...

    Authors: Karen E. A. Burns, Myriam Lafrienier-Roula, Nicholas S. Hill, Deborah J. Cook, Andrew J. E. Seely, Bram Rochwerg, Michael Mayette, Frederick D’Aragon, John W. Devlin, Peter Dodek, Maged Tanios, Audrey Gouskos, Alexis F. Turgeon, Pierre Aslanian, Ying Tung Sia, Jeremy R. Beitler…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:626
    Content type: Update Published on:

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2019 20:587

  4. The global aging population is expanding rapidly and many individuals have a particularly higher risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition can lead to impaired body function, morbidity, and mortality. Meeting nutriti...

    Authors: Ranil Jayawardena, Prasani Wickramawardhane, Chamila Dalpatadu, Andrew P. Hills and Priyanga Ranasinghe
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:625
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  5. Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the most common metastasis route in gastric cancer. Extensive dissection of LNs can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Recently, multiple clinica...

    Authors: Yanjun Lu, Shichao Ai, Peng Song, Yan Sun, Xiaofei Shen, Feng Sun, Qiongyuan Hu, Zhiyan Li, Meng Wang, Xiaofeng Lu, Wenxian Guan and Song Liu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:624
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that requires anticoagulation therapy to prevent stroke. However, there is still a significant under-/over-treatment in stroke prevention for patients with AF. T...

    Authors: Mang-Mang Pan, Chi Zhang, Long Shen, Jing-Jing Sha, Hui Shen, Yi-Dan Yan, Jia Wang, Xin Wang, Hou-Wen Lin and Zhi-Chun Gu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:623
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  7. Authors: Yaping Shi, Qingyu Sun, Yue Wang, Chunting Chen, Jianfei Jin, Wei Wang, Yuting Lu, Yi Hua, Jianming Liu, Jinjun Bian and Yi Zhou
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:622
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2023 24:505

  8. Well-organised and managed workplaces can be a source of wellbeing. The construction, healthcare and information and communication technology sectors are characterised by work-related stressors (e.g. high work...

    Authors: Ella Arensman, Mallorie Leduc, Cliodhna O’Brien, Paul Corcoran, Eve Griffin, Caleb Leduc, Evelien Coppens, Fotini Tsantila, Victoria Ross, Kahar Abdulla, Pia Hauck, Benedikt L. Amann, Birgit Aust, Arlinda Cerga Pashoja, Johanna Cresswell-Smith, Luigia D’Alessandro…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:621
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  9. Sepsis is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and ICU death. In recognition of the burden of sepsis, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement develo...

    Authors: Hannah E. Frank, Laura Evans, Gary Phillips, RPhillip Dellinger, Jessyca Goldstein, Lori Harmon, David Portelli, Nima Sarani, Christa Schorr, Kathleen M. Terry, Sean R. Townsend and Mitchell M. Levy
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:620
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. Radiation-associated dysphagia is defined as impaired swallowing efficiency/safety following (chemo)radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. In a dysphagia framework, impaired coughing may lead to lung a...

    Authors: Sofiana Mootassim-Billah, Gwen Van Nuffelen, Jean Schoentgen, Marc De Bodt and Dirk Van Gestel
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:619
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  11. Authors: Angela T. Hetrick, April M. Young, Miriam R. Elman, Sarann Bielavitz, Rhonda L. Alexander, Morgan Brown, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, P. Todd Korthuis and Kathryn E. Lancaster
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:618
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2021 22:948

  12. In contrast to evidence for interventions supporting victim/survivors of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), the effectiveness of perpetrator programmes for reduction of abuse is uncertain. This study aims to e...

    Authors: Karen Morgan, Mei-See Man, Rachael Bloomer, Madeleine Cochrane, Melissa Cole, Sandi Dheensa, Nathan Eisenstadt, Gene Feder, Daisy M. Gaunt, Rwth Leach, Rebecca Kandiyali, Sian Noble, Tim J. Peters, Beverly A. Shirkey and Helen Cramer
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:617
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. Neck pain is the fourth worldwide leading cause of disability and represents 22% of musculoskeletal disorders. Conservative intervention has been strongly recommended to treat chronic neck pain and Telerehabil...

    Authors: Juliene Corrêa Barbosa, Josielli Comachio, Amelia Pasqual Marques, Bruno Tirotti Saragiotto and Mauricio Oliveira Magalhaes
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:616
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  14. Many people experience withdrawal symptoms when they attempt to stop antidepressants. Withdrawal symptoms are readily misconstrued for relapse or ongoing need for medication, contributing to long-term use (> 1...

    Authors: Katharine A. Wallis, Maria Donald, Mark Horowitz, Joanna Moncrieff, Robert S. Ware, Joshua Byrnes, Karen Thrift, MaryAnne Cleetus, Idin Panahi, Nicholas Zwar, Mark Morgan, Chris Freeman and Ian Scott
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:615
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. Authors: M. Masiá, S. Padilla, G. Estañ, J. Portu, A. Silva, A. Rivero, A. González-Cordón, L. García-Fraile, O. Martínez, E. Bernal, C. Galera, V. Boix Martínez, J. Macias, M. Montero, D. García-Rosado, M. J. Vivancos-Gallego…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:614
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2021 22:851

  16. Two characteristics of commonly used outcomes in medical research are zero inflation and non-negative integers; examples include the number of hospital admissions or emergency department visits, where the majo...

    Authors: Kyung Hyun Lee, Claudia Pedroza, Elenir B. C. Avritscher, Ricardo A. Mosquera and Jon E. Tyson
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:613
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Respiratory distress syndrome is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. “Less invasive surfactant administration” (LISA), which describes intratracheal surfactant administration to spont...

    Authors: Wolfgang Göpel, Tanja K. Rausch, Barbara Mitschdörfer, Silke Mader, Egbert Herting, Inke R. König and Guido Stichtenoth
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:612
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  18. Effectiveness of actions to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SB) consumption in children still needs to be improved. Furthermore, the growing concern about sustainable food systems encourages to develop sustai...

    Authors: Katia Castetbon, Wassila Assakali, Isabelle Thiébaut and Lucille Desbouys
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:611
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  19. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms which affect participation in meaningful occupations. Occupation-based interventions can improve particip...

    Authors: Mahsa Meimandi, Akram Azad, Jafar Haj Ghani, Fatemeh HojabriFard, Philip von Rosen, Naeeme Haji Alizadeh and Ghorban Taghizadeh
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:610
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. People with substance use disorders are vulnerable to acquiring HIV. Testing is fundamental to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention; however, in the past decade, there has been a decline in the number of subst...

    Authors: Jemima A. Frimpong, Carrigan L. Parish, Daniel J. Feaster, Lauren K. Gooden, Mindy C. Nelson, Tim Matheson, Karolynn Siegel, Louise Haynes, Benjamin P. Linas, Sabrina A. Assoumou, Susan Tross, Tiffany Kyle, Terri K. Liguori, Oliene Toussaint, Debra Annane and Lisa R. Metsch
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:609
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  21. Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a debilitating condition that frequently occurs in patients with malignancies of the distal stomach and (peri)ampullary region. The standard palliative treatment f...

    Authors: Janine B. Kastelijn, Yorick L. van de Pavert, Marc G. Besselink, Paul Fockens, Rogier P. Voermans, Roy L. J. van Wanrooij, Thomas R. de Wijkerslooth, Wouter L. Curvers, Ignace H. J. T. de Hingh, Marco J. Bruno, Bas Groot Koerkamp, Gijs A. Patijn, Alexander C. Poen, Jeanin E. van Hooft, Akin Inderson, J. Sven D. Mieog…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:608
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication, and it has a high incidence in neurosurgery patients. Awake craniotomy (AC) has been widely performed in patients with glioma in eloquent and motor areas....

    Authors: Muhan Li, Minying Liu, Qianyu Cui, Min Zeng, Shu Li, Liyong Zhang and Yuming Peng
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:607
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Limited access to specialized palliative care exposes persons with late-stage Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) to burdensome treatment and unnecessary hospitalization and their caregivers to av...

    Authors: M. Toles, C. Kistler, F. C. Lin, M. Lynch, K. Wessell, S. L. Mitchell and L. C. Hanson
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:606
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. During the cochlear implantation procedure, the receiver/stimulator (R/S) part of the implant is fixated to prevent postoperative device migration, which could have an adverse effect on the position of the ele...

    Authors: Laura M. Markodimitraki, Timen C. ten Harkel, Edwin Bennink, Inge Stegeman and Hans G. X. M. Thomeer
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:605
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is one of the neuromodulation therapies for chronic neuropathic pain. The conventional paresthesia-based SCS involves the application of tonic stimulation that induces a sense of ...

    Authors: Takafumi Tanei, Satoshi Maesawa, Yusuke Nishimura, Yoshitaka Nagashima, Tomotaka Ishizaki, Masahiko Ando, Yachiyo Kuwatsuka, Atsushi Hashizume, Shimon Kurasawa and Ryuta Saito
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:604
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Haemoglobin SC (HbSC) is a common form of sickle cell disease (SCD), especially among individuals of West African ancestry. Persons with HbSC disease suffer from the same clinical complications and reduced qua...

    Authors: Luke R. Smart, Catherine I. Segbefia, Teresa S. Latham, Susan E. Stuber, Kwesi N. Amissah-Arthur, Klenam Dzefi-Tettey, Adam C. Lane, Yvonne A. Dei-Adomakoh and Russell E. Ware
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:603
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. Due to the growing gap between the demand and supply of therapeutic services for people suffering from depression, with this study, we are investigating the effectiveness and factors of influence of new approa...

    Authors: Leona Kind, Katharina Luttenberger, Vivien Leßmann, Lisa Dorscht, Christiane Mühle, Christian P. Müller, Eva-Maria Siegmann, Sophia Schneider and Johannes Kornhuber
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:602
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. No consensus currently exists regarding the optimal protocol for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of upper-extremity motor dysfunction after stroke. Studies have shown that combine...

    Authors: Yuan Huang, Ruizhu Lin, Hongyu Li, Yujuan Xu, Fubao Tian, Liangchen Ma, Xiaoli Liu, Shuming Ma, Xiaolong Li, Zheying Lai, Chuanping Bai, Weichun He, Qi Ma, Jingkai Wang and Ning Zhu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:601
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Severe acute pancreatitis complicated by acute respiratory distress is a common cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. These patients are at risk of a decline in physical activity due to bed rest. Neuro...

    Authors: Feng Zhou, Dingrong Fan, Yan Feng, Cuijuan Zhou, Xiaodong Chen, Xiaoyun Ran and Botao Tan
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:600
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  30. The 2022 ASA guidelines recommend the video laryngoscope, video stylet, and flexible videoscope as airway management tools. This study aims to compare the efficacy of three airway devices in intubating patient...

    Authors: Tao Zhang, Kai-Yuan Zhao, Ping Zhang and Ren-Hu Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:599
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Authors: Caroline Cake, Emma Ogburn, Heather Pinches, Garry Coleman, David Seymour, Fran Woodard, Sinduja Manohar, Marjia Monsur, Martin Landray, Gaynor Dalton, Andrew D. Morris, Patrick F. Chinnery, F. D. Richard Hobbs and Christopher Butler
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:598
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:62

  32. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the worldwide prevalence of maternal depression has risen sharply; it is now estimated that one quarter of mothers experience clinically significant depression symptom...

    Authors: Lara Penner-Goeke, Madeline Belows, Amanda Kristjanson, Brendan F. Andrade, Emily E. Cameron, Ryan Giuliano, Laurence Y. Katz, Lauren E. Kelly, Nicole Letourneau, Natalie Mota, Kristin Reynolds, Maureen Zalewski, Ashley Pharazyn and Leslie E. Roos
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:597
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  33. The lumbar plexus originates from multiple segments of the spinal cord. Both single-level lumbar plexus block (LPB) and transmuscular quadratus lumborum block (TQLB) are commonly used to provide analgesia for ...

    Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Hui Zhang, Yongzhu Chen, Zhenwei Xie, Moxi Chen, Yonglin Chen and Junfeng Zhang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:596
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of hospitalization and inpatient antimicrobial use in the USA. However, determining the etiologic pathogen is chall...

    Authors: Abhishek Deshpande, Ramara Walker, Rebecca Schulte, Andrea M. Pallotta, Larisa G. Tereshchenko, Bo Hu, Sameer S. Kadri, Michael Klompas and Michael B. Rothberg
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:595
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. Pulmonary segmentectomy, when combined with hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy, is currently considered the gold standard treatment for early-stage lung tumors (NSCLC) smaller than 2 cm in diameter. The pre...

    Authors: Francesco Zaraca, Andreas Kirschbaum, Marco Damiano Pipitone and Luca Bertolaccini
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:594
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. Cardiovascular events, driven by endothelial dysfunction, are a recognised complication of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infections remain a persistent concern globally, and an understanding of the mechanisms causing e...

    Authors: Asad Shabbir, Ismita Chhetri, Rayomand S. Khambata, Tipparat Parakaw, Clement Lau, Muhammad A. B. N. Aubdool, Gianmichele Massimo, Nicki Dyson, Vikas Kapil, Thomas Godec, Vanessa Apea, Jan Flint, Chloe Orkin, Krishnaraj S. Rathod and Amrita Ahluwalia
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:593
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  37. Stress is highly prevalent in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and is associated with lower health-related quality of life and impaired cardiovascular outcome. The importance of stress management is ...

    Authors: Julia Lortz, Tienush Rassaf, Christoph Jansen, Ramtin Knuschke, Adam Schweda, Lenka Schnaubert, Christos Rammos, Juliane Köberlein-Neu, Eva-Maria Skoda, Martin Teufel and Alexander Bäuerle
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:592
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. About 50% of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fail to attain complete remission (CR) following cytarabine plus anthracycline-based induction therapy. Salvage chemotherapy regimens are based on ...

    Authors: Sonia Jaramillo, Lucian Le Cornet, Markus Kratzmann, Johannes Krisam, Martin Görner, Mathias Hänel, Christoph Röllig, Maxi Wass, Sebastian Scholl, Mark Ringhoffer, Alexander Reichart, Björn Steffen, Sabine Kayser, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Kerstin Schaefer-Eckart, Jörg Schubert…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:591
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. The CRADLE Vital Signs Alert intervention (an accurate easy-to-use device that measures blood pressure and pulse with inbuilt traffic-light early warning system, and focused training package) was associated wi...

    Authors: Alexandra E. Ridout, Francis L. Moses, Simren Herm-Singh, Cristina Fernandez Turienzo, Paul T. Seed, Venetia Goodhart, Nicola Vousden, Betty Sam, Mariama Momoh, Daniel Kamara, Katy Kuhrt, Sorie Samura, Candace Beoku-Betts, Alice Hurrell, Kate Bramham, Sartie Kenneh…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:590
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  40. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent, chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder of adolescents and young women (AYAs), affecting 5–10% of AYAs worldwide. There is no approved pharmacological thera...

    Authors: Cristina Garcia-Beltran, Rita Malpique, Marianne S. Andersen, Firdevs Bas, Judit Bassols, Feyza Darendeliler, Marta Díaz, Barbara Dieris, Flaminia Fanelli, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Alessandra Gambineri, Dorte Glintborg, Abel López-Bermejo, Christopher Mann, Silvia Marin, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:589
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  41. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is offered to all patients with a psychosis diagnosis. However, only a minority of psychosis patie...

    Authors: Mark Hayward, Katherine Berry, Stephen Bremner, Kate Cavanagh, Guy Dodgson, David Fowler, Heather Gage, Kathryn Greenwood, Cassie Hazell, Anna-Marie Bibby-Jones, Sam Robertson, Morro Touray, Natalie Dailey and Clara Strauss
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:588
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  42. Influenza (flu) vaccination rates in UK care home staff are extremely low. Less than 40% of staff in care homes are vaccinated for influenza (flu), presenting risks to the health of frail residents and potenti...

    Authors: Linda Birt, Thando Katangwe-Chigamba, Sion Scott, David J Wright, Adam P. Wagner, Erika Sims, Veronica Bion, Carys Seeley, Faisal Alsaif, Allan Clarke, Alys Griffiths, Liz Jones, Alison Bryant and Amrish Patel
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:587
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. The conventional treatments for non-acute subdural hematoma (SDH) are facing the challenge of high hematoma recurrence and progression. A novel treatment of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization showed th...

    Authors: Qiao Zuo, Wei Ni, Pengfei Yang, Yuxiang Gu, Ying Yu, Heng Yang, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Mayank Goyal, Jianmin Liu and Ying Mao
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:586
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. Applying technology through the use of the Internet and mobile phones can help provide education and trained peer support for patients with diabetes after coronary artery bypass (CABG). We are conducting a ran...

    Authors: Yangwu Song, Yifeng Nan and Wei Feng
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:585
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. Approximately one in ten women have high blood pressure during pregnancy. Hypertension is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, and as treatment improves maternal outcomes, antihypertensive ...

    Authors: Danielle Ashworth, Cheryl Battersby, Debra Bick, Marcus Green, Pollyanna Hardy, Lisa Leighton, Laura A. Magee, Alisha Maher, Richard J. McManus, Catherine Moakes, R. Katie Morris, Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Jenie Sparkes, Oliver Rivero-Arias, Andrew Webb, Hannah Wilson…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:584
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. A substantial proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience daily subsyndromal mood swings, and the term “mood instability” reflecting the variability in mood seems associated with poor prognostic fa...

    Authors: Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Natacha Blauenfeldt Kyster, Malene Schwarz Dyreholt, Ellen Margrethe Christensen, Pernille Bondo-Kozuch, Anna Skovgaard Lerche, Birte Smidt, Ulla Knorr, Kim Brøndmark, Anne-Marie Bangsgaard Cardoso, Anja Mathiesen, Rene Sjælland, Henrik Nørbak-Emig, Lotte Linnemann Sponsor, Darius Mardosas, Ida Palmblad Sarauw-Nielsen…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:583
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, despite being a preventable and curable disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) End-TB Strategy, aligned with the Sustainab...

    Authors: Desalegne Amare, Fentie Ambaw and Kefyalew Addis Alene
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:582
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Prompt recognition of delirium is the first key step in its proper management. A previous study has demonstrated that nurses’ delirium screening using the usual paper version assessment tool has no effect on c...

    Authors: Jiamin Wang, Sen Niu and Ying Wu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:581
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  49. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical technique used in patients with chronic intractable pain, and its effectiveness and safety have been validated by multiple studies. However, to maintain an optimal a...

    Authors: Yuanchen Cheng, Duo Xie, Yan Han, Siying Guo, Zhenxing Sun, Linkai Jing, Weitao Man, Dongkang Liu, Kaiyuan Yang, Dan Lei, Zhe Meng, Huifang Zhang, Guoqin Wang, Weiwei Wu, Guihuai Wang and Yang Lu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:580
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:
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