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Perioperative malnutrition is common in patients undergoing gastrointestinal-oncology surgery and is associated with longer hospital stays, increased postoperative complications, poorer quality of life, and lo...
Dental implant therapy requires the preservation of peri-implant tissue in the cosmetic zone. Various surgical procedures have been presented, including ridge preservation, flapless method, and quick provision...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of death and a variety of chronic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that the imbalance of gut microbiota might contribute to de...
Randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions in children’s therapy are rare. This is, in part, due to the challenges of the acceptability of common trial designs to therapists and service ...
Randomised trials play a vital role in underpinning evidence-based care. However, trials involving adults with impaired capacity to consent raise a number of ethical and methodological challenges, leading to t...
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) represents the standard of care in colorectal surgery. Among ERAS items, early removal of urinary catheter (UC) is considered a key issue, though adherence to this specif...
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, causing disability and impaired quality of life especially in the elderly. Sri Lankan traditional medicine (STM) is widely used to treat OA, but ...
Surgical site infection (SSI), as one of the most common hospital-acquired infection, is usually associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care burden. SSI is a significant perioperative compl...
A resurgence of research into phase II trial design in the mid-2000s led to the use of futility designs in a wide variety of disease areas. Phase II futility studies differ from efficacy studies in that their ...
Patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have a high morbidity and mortality risk and often develop post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) involving systemic inflammation. The severity of ...
Tai Chi (TC), as one of mild to moderate exercise therapies specifically recommended by clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physician, is a viable option for chronic non-specific low back ...
Brain edema is the most frequent postoperative complication after brain tumor resection, especially in patients with high-grade glioma. However, the effect of SVV-based goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on po...
The core intrinsic connectivity networks (core-ICNs), encompassing the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN), have been shown to be dysfunctional in individuals ...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with a median age of 72–75 years at diagnosis. Curative treatment usually involves surgery; if left untreated, symptoms may require emergency ...
There is a marked increase in unscheduled care visits in school-aged children with asthma after returning to school in September. This is potentially associated with children not taking their asthma preventer ...
Intraoperative hypotension is common in patients having non-cardiac surgery and is associated with serious complications and death. However, optimal intraoperative blood pressures for individual patients remai...
Rotavirus is a primary infectious virus causing childhood diarrhoea and is associated with significant mortality in children. Three African countries (Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Angola) are...
Retention remains a major challenge for many clinical trials. The SPIRIT guidelines state the following information on retention should be included in the trial protocol “Plans to promote participant retention...
A Core Outcome Set (COS) is a standardised list of outcomes that should be reported as a minimum in all clinical trials. In epilepsy, the choice of outcomes varies widely among existing studies, particularly i...
In the context of COVID-19, NHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and other children’s mental health services have faced major challenges in providing psychological treatments that (i) work w...
Due to some unique physical, social and psychological features in the adolescent population, adolescents can be a time of heightened caries activity and periodontal disease. Oral health-related behaviors can b...
Chronic neck and shoulder region pain affects many people around the world. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three 8-week meditation training programmes (each using a different meditation techni...
Belimumab, an anti-B-cell activating factor antibody, is approved for the treatment of auto-antibody positive systemic lupus erythematosus with a high degree of disease activity. Anti-CD20 B cell depletion wit...
The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:693
The Workwell trial is a multi-centre randomised controlled trial with the aims of evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of job retention vocational rehabilitation for employed people with inflamm...
Evidence suggests that children from low-income families begin the preschool stage with less academic and non-academic skills development compared to higher-income families. There are several successful experi...
Anxiety and depression are increasingly prevalent in adolescents, often causing daily distress and negative long-term outcomes. Despite the significant and growing burden, less than 25% of those with probable ...
Due to the physical dose distribution characteristic of “Bragg peak” and the biological effect as a kind of high linear energy transfer ray, heavy ion therapy has advantages over conventional photon therapy in...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive disease with increased incidence globally but without internationally licenced pharmacological therapy. Moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP/SAP) ...
COVID-19 poses a global health challenge with more than 325 million cumulative cases and above 5 million cumulative deaths reported till January 17, 2022, by the World Health Organization. Several potential tr...
External randomised pilot trials aim to assess whether a future definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) is feasible. Pre-specified progression criteria help guide the interpretation of pilot trial finding...
The importance of insulin resistance is gaining increasing attention as it plays an important role in carcinogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although exercise is the most important intervention for ...
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is very effective in alleviating pain, but functional deficits persist up to a year following surgery. Regardless of standard physiotherapy programs, significant additional muscula...
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal and disabling form of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Current anti-TB treatment is poorly effective since TBM mortality reaches 40% in HIV...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in severe interruptions to clinical research worldwide. This global public health crisis required investigators and researchers to rapidly develop and ...
Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical disorders and the incidence is rising. The routine treatment is neurosurgical hematoma evacuation, which is associated with recurrence r...
No conclusive evidence recommends a prior treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). It is theorized that both percutaneous radiofrequency coblation and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) reli...
The HemiSPAIRE trial is being conducted to determine whether a modified muscle sparing technique (SPAIRE-“Save Piriformis and Internus, Repairing Externus”) in hip hemiarthroplasty brings clinical benefits com...
Considering the confinement recommended by the World Health Organization due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, many community physical exercise programmes for older adults have had their activities cancelled...
Stellate ganglion block has been reported to expand cerebral vessels and alleviate vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the causal relationship between early stellate ganglion block and...
Advances in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and supportive care have led to marked improvements in survival for patients with multiple myeloma. Despite these improvements, patients wi...
Although many efforts have been made to decrease the incidence of anastomotic leak (AL), it remains one of the most serious complications of rectal cancer surgery. Many previous studies have reported an associ...
The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:655
Failure to consider relevant cultural, ethnic and diversity parameters (and the intersection between these parameters) during trial protocol development and trial conduct may negatively impact recruitment, int...
Infectious complications are the main causes of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Early enteral nutrition (EN) is a reasonable form of nutritional support that aims to mitigate the occurrence and s...
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAAION) is a major cause of blindness in individuals over 50 years of age, with no available effective treatment. The oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist, ...
Disease recurrence is the main cause of mortality after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In 20–30% of resected patients, isolated local PDAC recurrence occurs. Retrospective studies have s...
Bladder symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting half of all individuals. These have significant impact on quality of life as well as implications for morbidity, contributing to falls and hos...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrate excellent effectiveness against infection, severe disease, and death. However, pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates lag among individuals from rural and...
Implantable collamer lens implantation (ICL) is a form of ‘foldable’ posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens refractive surgery that generally does not impair cornea and natural accommodation. The potential ...
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