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Failure to consider relevant cultural, ethnic and diversity parameters (and the intersection between these parameters) during trial protocol development and trial conduct may negatively impact recruitment, int...
Infectious complications are the main causes of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Early enteral nutrition (EN) is a reasonable form of nutritional support that aims to mitigate the occurrence and s...
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAAION) is a major cause of blindness in individuals over 50 years of age, with no available effective treatment. The oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist, ...
Refugees often report high levels of psychological distress due to traumatic experiences before and during flight as well as many post-migration stressors. Refugees with hazardous substance use or existing sub...
Late-life depression (LLD) has a poorer prognosis and higher relapse rate than younger adults, with up to one third of patients with LLD showing suboptimal response to antidepressant therapy. LLD has been asso...
Disease recurrence is the main cause of mortality after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In 20–30% of resected patients, isolated local PDAC recurrence occurs. Retrospective studies have s...
The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:55
Bladder symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting half of all individuals. These have significant impact on quality of life as well as implications for morbidity, contributing to falls and hos...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrate excellent effectiveness against infection, severe disease, and death. However, pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates lag among individuals from rural and...
Implantable collamer lens implantation (ICL) is a form of ‘foldable’ posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens refractive surgery that generally does not impair cornea and natural accommodation. The potential ...
Chronic health conditions have a big impact on disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Smartphone health applications (apps) can improve the health of patients with chronic conditions and enhance the q...
The use of platelet-rich plasma has been increasing in spinal fusion surgery. However, the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in lateral lumbar interbody fusion is unclear. In Japan, Affinos,® (Kuraray Co., Toky...
Hiatal hernias negatively damage patients’ health and life quality. Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair is currently the gold standard for the treatment of hiatal hernia (LHHR). Numerous clinical trials on lapar...
Surgery and radiotherapy are well-established standards of care for unilateral stage 0 and I early-stage glottic cancer (ESGC). Based on comparative studies and meta-analyses, functional and oncological outcom...
Participant recruitment into clinical trials remains challenging. The global increase in the number of social media users has accelerated the use of social media as a modality of recruitment, particularly duri...
Although screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) using computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with stable chest pain has been reported to be beneficial, patients with chronic kidney disease (...
Dental implant placement may require a bone graft for vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. Due to its osteoconduction, osteoinductive, and osteogenesis, autogenous bone graft characteristics ar...
The long-standing view that auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) or hearing voices is a sign of schizophrenia has been challenged by research demonstrating that they lie on a continuum ranging from normal to p...
Pediatric patients have increasing rates of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE), and while several risk-prediction models have been developed, few are designed to assess all general pediatric p...
Metabolic surgery induces rapid remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a paucity of high level evidence comparing the efficacy of the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and the laparo...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impacts in many different spheres, including mental health. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable because their central nervous system is still in development a...
Tic disorders (TD) is a neuropsychiatric disease with twitch as the main manifestation in childhood. Jiu-Wei-Xi-Feng granules has been marketed in China for treating children with TD. As Long Gu (Os Draconis) in ...
Chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for esophageal cancer as a neoadjuvant treatment before surgery, or as a definitive treatment for unresectable disease. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has bee...
Systematically screening for child anxiety problems, and offering and delivering a brief, evidence-based intervention for children who are identified as likely to benefit would minimise common barriers that fa...
Infection is one of the most common causes of death in patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy. Due to its special location, local warmth and humidity, repeated pollution with stool and ur...
Chronic, non-cancer pain affects approximately 20–30% of the population in North America, Europe, and Australia, with surgery and trauma frequently cited as inciting events. Prospective studies of fracture pat...
Chronic radiation-associated dysphagia (C-RAD) is considered to be one of the most severe functional impairments in head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiation (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT). Given the...
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends 25 primary preventive services for middle-aged adults, but it can be difficult to do them all.
Couple relationship distress is common and associated with poor physical, psychological, and relational outcomes for both partners. Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT) is a short-term structured appr...
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common chronic mental and behavioral disorder among children. Some studies showed the lower levels of vitamin D in patients with ADHD compared with t...
Randomised clinical trials with a factorial design may assess the effects of multiple interventions in the same population. Factorial trials are carried out under the assumption that the trial interventions ha...
Patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) can have neuropathic pain that significantly impacts quality of life. Oral neuropathic pain medication often has insufficient pain relief and side ...
The study will compare the efficacy and safety of nalbuphine hydrochloride injection and morphine hydrochloride injection for perioperative analgesia in tumor ablation and the differences between the two group...
Aboriginal Australians are known to suffer high levels of acquired brain injury (stroke and traumatic brain injury) yet experience significant barriers in accessing rehabilitation services. The aim of the Heal...
Xanthohumol (XN), a bioactive flavonoid from Humulus lupulus with anti-inflammatory properties, has potential benefits for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), a type of inflammatory bowel disease. We recently com...
As a pragmatic randomised timing-of-birth trial, WILL adapted its trial procedures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These are reviewed here to inform post-pandemic trial methodology.
Recruiting patients to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is often reported to be challenging, and the evidence base for effective interventions that could be used by staff (recruiters) undertaking recruitmen...
Enteral nutrition is a major pathway of nutrition for patients requiring critical care. However, it remains unclear whether intermittent or continuous feeding is the better approach, especially after nasogastr...
To inform the oversight of future clinical trials during a pandemic, we summarise the experiences of the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) for the Randomised Evaluation of COVID therapy trial (RECOVERY), a large...
Treatment of opiate addiction with opiate substitution treatment (e.g. methadone) is beneficial. However, some individuals desire or would benefit from abstinence but there are limited options to attenuate pro...
Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and regurgitation but an absence of esophageal mucosal damage during upper gastrointestinal end...
Surgical care, which is performed by intensely interacting multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, anesthetists, and nurses, remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intraoperative communicati...
Menière’s disease is an idiopathic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting more than 20 min, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. If vertigo attacks occur frequently, th...
This study is in regard to the comparison of whole brain radiation therapy for synchronous brain metastases with irradiation protecting the hippocampus versus whole brain radiotherapy for sequential brain meta...
Since early 2022, patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection have increased rapidly in Shanghai, China. Nevertheless, there is no widely used unified rehabilitation treatment available for disch...
The value of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in postoperative pain management, due to the inconsistent findings so far, remains unclear. We extended the evaluation of PEMF on postoperative pain and intrave...
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an established therapy that has been widely used for many decades to improve circulation in the legs. However, studies using NMES devices in an elderly, ambulant,...
Stroke, the incidence of which increases with age, has a negative impact on motor and cognitive performance, quality of life, and the independence of the person and his or her family, leading to a number of di...
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease, its mortality and disability rate are high. In China, hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is responsible for 75% of all the cases of primary IC...
The evidence on what strategies can improve recruitment to clinical trials in maternity care is lacking. As trial recruiters, maternity healthcare professionals (MHCPs) perform behaviours (e.g. talking about t...
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in a primary care setting is challenging due to time constraints and stigma. The implementation of scalable, sustainable, and patient-driven ...
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