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  1. The standard therapy for patients suffering from sensorineural hearing loss is cochlear implantation. The insertion of the electrode array into the cochlea, with potential mechanical trauma and the presence of...

    Authors: Verena Scheper, Melanie Schmidtheisler, Florian Lasch, Heiko von der Leyen, Armin Koch, Jana Schwieger, Andreas Büchner, Anke Lesinski-Schiedat and Thomas Lenarz
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:643
  2. The application of neuroendoscopy in intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Studies have shown that the use of neuroendoscopy for IVH evacuation has advantages...

    Authors: Junhao Zhu, Chao Tang, Zixiang Cong, Jin Yang, Xiangming Cai, Yuxiu Liu and Chiyuan Ma
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:640
  3. Primary Objective

    Authors: Keisha Smith, Amy Pace, Stephan Ortiz, Shamsah Kazani and Scott Rottinghaus
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:639
  4. Advances in peri-operative oncological treatment, surgery and peri-operative care have improved survival for patients with oesophagogastric cancers. Neoadjuvant cancer treatment (NCT) reduces physical fitness,...

    Authors: Roisin Tully, Lisa Loughney, Jarlath Bolger, Jan Sorensen, Oliver McAnena, Chris G. Collins, Paul A. Carroll, Mayilone Arumugasamy, Tomas J. Murphy and William B. Robb
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:638
  5. The proportion of older citizens is increasing worldwide. A well-known syndrome in old age is physical frailty which is associated with a greater risk of disabilities in activities of daily living, greater rel...

    Authors: Sussi F. Buhl, Anne Marie Beck, Britt Christensen and Paolo Caserotti
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:637
  6. Increasing physical activity (PA) is considered to be an important factor for the efficient management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Successful methods required to achieve improvements in PA...

    Authors: Marc Spielmanns, Tobias Boeselt, Stephan Huber, Pawandeep Kaur Bollinger, Bernhard Ulm, Anna-Maria Peckaka-Egli, Inga Jarosch, Tessa Schneeberger, Sabine Schoendorf, Rainer Gloeckl and A. Rembert Koczulla
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:636
  7. The aim of this trial is to identify the effect of ambulatory treatment in early COVID-19 disease with hydroxychloroquine on the rate of hospitalization or death in older patients above the age of 64.

    Authors: Siri Göpel, Wolfgang Bethge, Peter Martus, Florian Kreth, Thomas Iftner, Stefanie Joos, Stefanie Döbele, Benjamin Mordmüller, Peter Kremsner, Thomas Ettrich, Thomas Seufferlein, Michael Bitzer and Nisar Malek
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:635
  8. The prevalence of pneumonia complicating stroke in acute phase has a poor prognosis and higher risk for death. Oral opportunistic pathogens have been reported to be associated with pneumonia among people with ...

    Authors: Juncang Wu, Yuanchang Dai, Edward C. M. Lo, Yinliang Qi, Ya Zhang, Quan-li Li and Ruoxi Dai
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:634
  9. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, which is characterized by an increased insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes me...

    Authors: George Asimakopoulos, Vasilios Pergialiotis, Eleni Anastasiou, Panagiotis Antsaklis, Mariana Theodora, Evangelia Vogiatzi, Aggela Kallergi, Michael Sindos, Dimitrios Loutradis and George Daskalakis
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:633
  10. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of oral corticosteroids (prednisone) in the treatment of early stage SARS-Cov-2 pneumonia in patients who do not yet meet hospital admission cri...

    Authors: Miriam Saiz-Rodríguez, Teresa Peña, Lourdes Lázaro, Ángel González, Andrés Martínez, José A. Cordero, Juan T. Vicente, Fernando Richard, María Jesús Coma, Martín de Frutos, Jorge Labrador and Ana Pueyo
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:632
  11. Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is known to be susceptible in vitro to exposure to hydroxychloroquine and its effect has been found to be potentiated by azithromycin. We hypothesise that early administration of h...

    Authors: František Duška, Petr Waldauf, Milada Halačová, Václav Zvoníček, Jakub Bala, Martin Balík, Jan Beneš, Olga Klementová, Irena Kozáková, Viktor Kubricht, Anne Le Roy, Tomáš Vymazal, Veronika Řehořová and Vladimír Černý
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:631
  12. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common types of chronic neuropathic pain, which seriously affects quality of the life because of pain severity and poor response to the currently available treat...

    Authors: Lu Chen, Ruihao Zhou, Fuguo Sun, Yan Weng, Ling Ye and Pingliang Yang
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:630
  13. The utility of patient screening logs and their impact on improving trial recruitment rates are unclear. We conducted a retrospective exploratory analysis of screening data collected within a multicentre rando...

    Authors: Rebecca Lewis, Rachel Todd, Michelle Newton, Robert J. Jones, Caroline Wilson, Jenny L. Donovan, Richard T. Bryan, Alison Birtle and Emma Hall
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:629
  14. Current guidelines recommend the prescription of immune-enriched oral nutritional supplements for malnourished patients before major gastrointestinal surgery. However, the benefit of preoperative immunonutriti...

    Authors: Soo Young Lee, Seung-Seop Yeom, Chang Hyun Kim and Hyeong Rok Kim
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:628
  15. With a survival rate of 6 to 11%, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a healthcare challenge with room for improvement in morbidity and mortality. The guidelines emphasize the highest possible qualit...

    Authors: Clément Buléon, Jean-Jacques Parienti, Elodie Morilland-Lecoq, Laurent Halbout, Eric Cesaréo, Pierre-Yves Dubien, Benoit Jardel, Christophe Boyer, Kévin Husson, Florian Andriamirado, Xavier Benet, Emmanuel Morel-Marechal, Antoine Aubrion, Catalin Muntean, Erwan Dupire, Eric Roupie…
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:627
  16. To determine if a specific immunomodulatory intervention reduces progression of COVID-19-related disease to organ failure or death, compared to standard of care (SoC).

    Authors: Spoorthy Kulkarni, Marie Fisk, Michalis Kostapanos, Edward Banham-Hall, Simon Bond, Elena Hernan-Sancho, Sam Norton, Joseph Cheriyan, Andrew Cope, James Galloway, Frances Hall, David Jayne and Ian B. Wilkinson
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:626
  17. Autoimmune encephalitis is a new spectrum of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), which are characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies against neuronal surface antigens. Clinical presentat...

    Authors: Jonathan Wickel, Ha-Yeun Chung, Stephanie Platzer, Thomas Lehmann, Harald Prüss, Frank Leypoldt, Albrecht Günther, André Scherag and Christian Geis
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:625
  18. Native tissue cystocele repair has been the cornerstone of prolapse surgery, especially since the learned societies warned clinicians and patients about serious mesh-related complications. Surgical techniques ...

    Authors: A. Lacorre, F. Vidal, S. Campagne-Loiseau, B. Marin, Y. Aubard, F. Siegerth, C. Mesnard, E. Chantalat, C. Hocke and T. Gauthier
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:624
  19. The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial tr...

    Authors: Olajoju Temidayo Soniran, Benjamin Abuaku and Collins Stephen Ahorlu
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:623
  20. The outbreak of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-Cov-2) is very serious, and no effective antiviral treatment has yet been confirmed. The adage “old drug, new trick” in this context may suggest the important therapeut...

    Authors: Xi Liu, Huili Chen, Yuqi Shang, Hongqiong Zhu, Gongqi Chen, Yuanli Chen, Shaoxuan Liu, Yaoyong Zhou, Mingxing Huang, Zhongsi Hong and Jinyu Xia
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:622
  21. Blood from younger individuals has been shown to improve physiological function in recipients in laboratory research, and many proteins from human peripheral blood show antisenescence capabilities. Thus, resea...

    Authors: Xianfei Zeng, Yan Liao, Xiaoshuang Wu, Jinmei Xu, Chenxing Da, Zhijun Tan, Fan Feng, Wen Yin, Dongjian Wang and Xingbin Hu
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:621
  22. Clinicians, patients, and policy-makers rely on published evidence from clinical trials to help inform decision-making. A lack of complete and transparent reporting of the investigated trial outcomes limits re...

    Authors: Nancy J. Butcher, Emma J. Mew, Andrea Monsour, An-Wen Chan, David Moher and Martin Offringa
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:620
  23. In the Netherlands, midwives are required to use the ‘V-MIS’ (Minimal Intervention Strategy for Midwives) smoking cessation counselling protocol to help pregnant women quit smoking. This counselling protocol i...

    Authors: Jeroen Bommelé, Linda Springvloet, Naïma Abouri, Karianne Djoyoadhiningrat-Hol, Margriet van Laar and Matthijs Blankers
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:619
  24. Obese patients undergoing general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation during laparoscopic abdominal surgery commonly have a higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), due to factors su...

    Authors: Chen Zhu, Jing-Wen Yao, Li-Xin An, Ya-Fan Bai and Wen-Jing Li
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:618
  25. Postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (PGD) is a common problem after abdominal surgery. PGD can increase the length of hospital stay and may lead to serious complications. Acupuncture and moxibustio...

    Authors: Ya-Fan Bai, Chao Gao, Wen-Jing Li, Yi Du and Li-Xin An
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:617
  26. Elevated cholesterol levels and systemic inflammation are considered relevant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development and progression. Increasing evidence suggests that cholesterol-lowering a...

    Authors: Anna Rita Bonfigli, Olga Protic, Fabiola Olivieri, Alberto Montesanto, Gelsomina Malatesta, Raffaele Di Pillo and Roberto Antonicelli
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:616
  27. Chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSP) affects more than 40% of adults aged 50 years and older and is the leading cause of disability in the USA. Older adults with chronic MSP are at risk for analgesic-related sid...

    Authors: Timothy F. Platts-Mills, Samuel A. McLean, Morris Weinberger, Sally C. Stearns, Montika Bush, Brittni B. Teresi, Karen Hurka-Richardson, Kurt Kroenke, Robert D. Kerns, Mark A. Weaver and Francis J. Keefe
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:615
  28. This study will evaluate the main hypothesis that supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E significantly improves the severity and mortality rate in ICU patients with COVID-19.

    Authors: Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi, Sama Bitarafan, Azin Hoseindokht, Alireza Abdollahi, Laya Amoozadeh, Maedeh Mahmoodi Ali Abadi and Morteza Foroumandi
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:614
  29. In a randomized crossover trial, each participant is randomized to a sequence of treatments and treatment effect is estimated based on within-individual difference because each participant serves as his/her ow...

    Authors: Lijuan Zeng, Riaz Qureshi, Shilpa Viswanathan, Lea Drye and Tianjing Li
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:613
  30. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most taxing symptom for many breast cancer patients during and after therapy. In patients with metastatic disease, the prevalence of CRF exceeds 75%. Currently, there is no ...

    Authors: Delphine Meier-Girard, Karin Ribi, Gisa Gerstenberg, Thomas Ruhstaller and Ursula Wolf
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:612
  31. Despite improvements in medical care, patients with advanced cancer still experience substantial symptom distress. There is increasing interest in the use of medicinal cannabinoids but little high-quality evid...

    Authors: Janet Hardy, Alison Haywood, Gauri Gogna, Jennifer Martin, Patsy Yates, Ristan Greer and Phillip Good
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:611
  32. As there is no treatment for COVID-19 with a proven mortality benefit at this moment in the pandemic, supportive management including mechanical ventilation is the core management in an intensive care unit (IC...

    Authors: Atsushi Kawaguchi, Gabrielle Bernier, Jacques Lacroix, Saly El Salti, Matthew P. Cheng, Todd C. Lee, Kosar Khwaja and Philippe Jouvet
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:610
  33. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ultra-short-wave diathermy (SWD) on COVID-19 pneumonia. The hypothesis is that SWD may minimise pneumonic inflammation and shorten the duration of the time to positive-to...

    Authors: Mohammad Nasb, Zulfiqar Ali Sayed Shah, Liangjiang Huang, Qian Li and Hong Chen
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:609
  34. Wound complications following midline laparotomies are common and the main source of postoperative morbidity including superficial or deep wound infection, skin dehiscence, fascia dehiscence, and incisional he...

    Authors: Mohamad Hadi El Charif, Zeina Hassan, Jamal Hoballah, Mohamad Khalife and Eman Sbaity
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:608
  35. The primary objectives of the study are:

    Authors: Raquel González, Laura García-Otero, Clara Pons-Duran, Elena Marbán-Castro, Anna Goncé, Elisa Llurba, Maria del Mar Gil, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Zambrano, Haily Chen, Máximo Ramírez, Azucena Bardají and Clara Menendez
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:607
  36. Ankle sprains and fractures are most common injuries in orthopedic and trauma surgery. The concurrent occurrence of syndesmosis ruptures in these injuries represents a more complex problem, as they often remai...

    Authors: Julian Doll, Stefan Waizenegger, Thomas Bruckner, Gerhard Schmidmaier, Sebastian I. Wolf and Christian Fischer
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:606
  37. Reduction mammaplasty is among the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery. Antibiotics are widely prescribed, on an empirical basis, to prevent surgical site infections. However, there is a lack...

    Authors: Daniela Francescato Veiga, Edgard da Silva Garcia, José Wilson Moreira-Filho, Evelyne Borges de Mattos Andrade, Yara Juliano, Joel Veiga-Filho and Lydia Masako Ferreira
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:605
  38. To determine whether chemoprophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine versus placebo increases time to contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in frontline healthcare workers.

    Authors: Carmel M. McEniery, Marie Fisk, Karen Miles, Fotini Kaloyirou, Annette Hubsch, Jane Smith, Ian B. Wilkinson and Joseph Cheriyan
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:604

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:641

  39. Esophagectomy is still advised as an additional treatment for pathological T1b (pT1b) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following attempted endoscopic resection (ER). ER followed with definitive chemor...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Yuchen Su, Xiaobin Zhang, Jun Liu, Hong Zhang, Bin Li, Rong Hua, Lijie Tan, Hezhong Chen and Zhigang Li
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:603
  40. At present, China has more than 11 million patients with stable coronary heart disease and this is becoming a major public health problem. The pathological changes of coronary heart disease can lead to dysfunc...

    Authors: Qing Wu, Lin Liu, Xin Jiang, Yao-Yao Hu, Qiu-Shi Liang, Zhi-Song He, Yuan Xue, Wei Zhu, Zai-Xiang Tang, Yun-Ying Hou, Qi Zhao and Xiao-Hua Wang
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:602
  41. Septic shock remains a significant cause of death in critically ill patients. During septic shock, some patients will retain microcirculatory disorders despite optimal hemodynamic support (i.e., fluid resuscit...

    Authors: Matthieu Legrand, Hafid Ait Oufella, Daniel De Backer, Jacques Duranteau, Marc Leone, Bruno Levy, Patrick Rossignol, Eric Vicaut and François Dépret
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:601
  42. Subfertility is a common problem for which in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment is commonly recommended. Success rates following IVF are suboptimal and have remained static over the last few years. This impo...

    Authors: Priya Bhide, Arasaratnam Srikantharajah, Doris Lanz, Julie Dodds, Bonnie Collins, Javier Zamora, David Chan, Shakila Thangaratinam and Khalid S. Khan
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:600
  43. Oral healthcare service provision for dependent older adults is often poor. For dental services to provide more responsive and equitable care, evidence-based approaches are needed. To facilitate future researc...

    Authors: Sinead Watson, Julie McMullan, Paul Brocklehurst, Georgios Tsakos, Richard G. Watt, Rebecca R. Wassall, Andrea Sherriff, Sheena E. Ramsay, Anup J. Karki, Sayaka Tada, Caroline Lappin, Michael Donaldson and Gerald McKenna
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:599
  44. The community-based mental health care programme GBV is based on the British Community Mental Health Teams and the Dutch Flexible Assertive Community Treatment model. In addition, the programme offers crisis-i...

    Authors: Annabel Sandra Mueller-Stierlin, Friedrich Meixner, Anne Kohlmann, Mara Schumacher, Anke Hänsel, Melanie Pouwels, Nicole Bias, Sabrina Hartl, Jessica Reichstein, Elke Prestin, Nils Greve, Thomas Becker and Reinhold Kilian
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:598
  45. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Leading to signi...

    Authors: Tao Bai, Haoyu Zeng, Yanqin Long, Xiaoqing Li, Xiaohong Sun, Yu Lan, Lingling Gao, Lu Zhang, Zenghui Feng and Xiaohua Hou
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:597
  46. The E-Freeze trial is a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of fresh versus frozen embryo transfer for women undergoing in vitro fertilisation. This paper describes the statistical analysis plan for the E...

    Authors: Jennifer L. Bell, Pollyanna Hardy, Melanie Greenland, Edmund Juszczak, Christina Cole, Abha Maheshwari, Siladitya Bhattacharya and Louise Linsell
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:596

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Reproductive Health 2019 16:81

  47. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a multifactorial syndrome caused by many risk factors, such as craniofacial anomalies, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, and airway inflammatio...

    Authors: Yuanyuan Li, Jiali Wu, Jinghan Guo, Liming Yu, Jing Wang, Xiaoyan Li, Shuhua Xu, Min Zhu, Jinqiu Feng and Yuehua Liu
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:595
  48. The Melanoma Genomics Managing Your Risk Study is a randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of providing information on personal genomic risk of melanoma in reducing ultraviolet radiatio...

    Authors: Serigne N. Lo, Amelia K. Smit, David Espinoza and Anne E. Cust
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:594

    A Related Article has been published.

  49. Residual and recurrent stones remain one of the most important challenges of hepatolithiasis and are reported in 20 to 50% of patients treated for this condition. To date, the two most common surgical procedur...

    Authors: Jiang-ming Chen, Xi-yang Yan, Tao Zhu, Zi-xiang Chen, Yi-jun Zhao, Kun Xie, Fu-bao Liu and Xiao-ping Geng
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:586
  50. Primary objective: Evaluation of the effect of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole on the absorption of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).

    Authors: Felicitas Stoll, Antje Blank, Gerd Mikus, David Czock, Kathrin I. Foerster, Simon Hermann, Katja Häußler, Amin Muhareb, Simone Hummler, Johanna Weiss, Jürgen Burhenne and Walter E. Haefeli
    Citation: Trials 2020 21:584

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