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Preventing ischemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major issue in kidney transplantation, particularly for transplant recipients receiving a kidney from extended criteria donors (ECD). The main consequence of I...
Acute and chronic pancreatitis constitute a continuum of inflammatory disease of the pancreas with an increasing incidence in most high-income countries. A subset of patients with a history of pancreatitis suf...
Cluster-C personality disorders (PDs), characterized by a high level of fear and anxiety, are related to high levels of distress, societal dysfunctioning and chronicity of various mental health disorders. Evid...
Poor retention in randomised trials can lead to serious consequences to their validity. Studies within trials (SWATs) are used to identify the most effective interventions to increase retention. Many intervent...
Prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically low-risk cT1bT2N0 papillary thyroid carcinoma is controversial, due to a large number of conflicting retrospective studies, some showing an advantage in terms...
The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:452
Cancer clinical trials can be considered evidence-based interventions with substantial benefits, but suffer from poor implementation leading to low enrollment and frequent failure. Applying implementation scie...
Clinical trials are essential to evidence-based medicine. Their success relies on recruitment and retention of participants: problems with either can affect validity of results. Past research on improving tria...
The first onset of common mental health disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, mostly lies in adolescence or young adulthood. Hence, effective and scalable prevention programs for this age group are ur...
Surgical interventions are complex. Key elements of this complexity are the surgeon and their learning curve. They pose methodological challenges in the design, analysis and interpretation of surgical RCTs.
Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) drives cirrhosis-related complications (i.e. hepatic decompensation). Impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability promotes sinusoidal vasoconstriction, which is...
Tuberculosis remains a leading infectious cause of death in resource-limited settings. Effective treatment is the cornerstone of tuberculosis control, reducing mortality, recurrence and transmission. Supportin...
Children of parents with mental illness have an increased risk of developing mental illness themselves throughout their lifespan. This is due to genetic factors but also environmental disadvantages during chil...
The Taste And Smell To Enhance nutrition (TASTE) trial investigated the effects of smell and taste of milk with tube feeding compared to routine care on the growth of preterm infants. There was no difference b...
Data Monitoring Committees (DMCs) have the important task to protect the safety of current and future patients during the conduct of a clinical study. Unfortunately, their work is often made difficult by volum...
Over the past two decades, pragmatic and implementation science clinical trial research methods have advanced substantially. Pragmatic and implementation studies have natural areas of overlap, particularly rel...
Urgency-type urinary incontinence affects one in four older community-dwelling women and overlaps with other common aging-associated health syndromes such as cognitive impairment, physical mobility impairment,...
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aim to assess the effect of one (or more) unproven health interventions relative to other reference interventions. RCTs sometimes use an ordinal outcome, which is an endpoin...
Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV infection is challenging because of many factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended using digital adherence technologies (DATs). However, t...
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death. Despite dedicated programmes, quit rates remain low due to barriers such as nicotine withdrawal syndrome or post-cessation weight gain. Gl...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity is a glycolipid metabolism disorder, which makes hypoglycaemic treatment more complex and increases the proportion of multidrug combinations. In addition, patients ...
Long-term gout treatment is based on reducing serum urate levels using urate-lowering therapy (ULT). Most guidelines recommend using a lifelong continuation treat-to-target (T2T) strategy, in which ULT is dose...
Left heart failure (HF) is characterized by an elevation in left-sided filling pressures, causing symptoms of dyspnea, impairing exercise capacity, and leading to pulmonary venous congestion and secondary pulm...
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are prevalent in geriatric patients with hip fractures. Low oxygen level is one of the most important risk factors for PPCs. Prone position has been proven efficacy...
Infections are one of the leading causes of death in the neonatal period. This trial aims to evaluate if the provision of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) to pregnant women for postnatal household use prevents se...
Young people with a psychotic disorder have the same social goals as their healthy peers, but their social networks are smaller, they participate less often in leisure activities and are less successful in wor...
Sepsis is as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. The mortality of sepsis and particular of septic shock is very high. Treatment mostly focuses on infect...
With over 500,000 annually reported cases worldwide, head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide. Treatment of HNC with chemoradiotherapy frequently results in serious impair...
Kangaroo care (KC) is an effective technique to prevent injury in newborns due to prematurity and hospitalization. Mothers of preterm newborns experience their own set of physical and mental problems. Such cir...
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely recommended but underused, even though CRC is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. The mPATH™ program is an i...
Scaphoid non-union results in pain and decreased hand function. Untreated, almost all cases develop degenerative changes. Despite advances in surgical techniques, the treatment is challenging and often results...
The therapeutic effect of selenium has been demonstrated in mild Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) in a European region where selenium status is suboptimal. However, there is a lack of evidence to support selenium u...
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge for clinical research. The Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedules (PVS) study is a non-inferiority, interventional trial in which infants resident in 68 geog...
Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are common and painful injuries, with the majority resulting from falls from a standing height. As with other fragility fractures, its age-specific incidence is increasing. Sur...
Tinnitus affects around 15% of the population and can be a debilitating condition for a sizeable part of them. However, effective evidence-based treatments are scarce. One recommended treatment for tinnitus is...
The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide is a huge challenge to human health. Primary tumor locations found to impact prognosis and response to therapy. The important role of gut microbiota in the p...
Musculoskeletal disorders represented 149 million years lived with disability world-wide in 2019 and are the main cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Current treatment recommendations are based on ...
Acute respiratory syndrome distress (ARDS) is a clinical common syndrome with high mortality. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-guided positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration can achieve the comp...
Preterm birth or low birth weight is the single largest cause of death in newborns, however this mortality can be reduced through newborn care interventions, including Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Previously, a...
Chronic pain is a prevalent and costly problem that often has occupational origins. Home care workers (HCWs) are at high risk for work-related injuries, pain, and disability. Current treatments for chronic pai...
There are many reasons why the majority of clinical trials fail or have limited applicability to patient care. These include restrictive entry criteria, short duration studies, unrecognized adverse drug effect...
In evaluating technology-based behaviour change interventions, it is increasingly important to have a monitoring plan for intervention fidelity. It is important to maintain intervention fidelity to ensure that...
Patients with non-severe ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are often prescribed immunosuppressive medications that are associated with severe side effects and a reduced quality of life. There is an unmet need f...
Cluster-C personality disorders (PDs) are highly prevalent in clinical practice and are associated with unfavourable outcome and chronicity of all common mental health disorders (e.g. depression and anxiety di...
Cluster randomised controlled trials (cRCT) present challenges regarding risks of bias and chance imbalances by arm. This paper reports strategies to minimise and monitor biases and imbalances in the ChEETAh c...
Patients with cirrhosis and ascites (and portal hypertension) are at risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Although many etiologies exist, hepatorenal AKI (HRS-AKI) remains a frequent and difficult-to-...
An estimated 300,000 babies are born with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) annually. Affected children have chronic ill health and suffer premature death. Febrile illnesses such as malaria commonly precipitate acute ...
Medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common health problem resulting in knee pain and limiting patients’ physical activity. After failed conservative treatment, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and hig...
Opioids accounted for 75% of drug overdoses in the USA in 2020, with rural states particularly impacted by the opioid crisis. While medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with Suboxone remains one of the more eff...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented and disruptive impact on people’s health and lives worldwide. In addition to burdening people’s health in the short-term in the form of infection, illness, and mo...
Asthma is a common long-term condition and major public health problem. Supported self-management for asthma that includes a written personalised asthma action plan, supported by regular professional review, r...
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