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Although major depression is a frequent disorder in non-professional caregivers and there are effective psychological interventions to prevent it, caregivers have difficulty accessing them. Interventions for d...
While it is has been proven that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA), there is little published evidence on the use of TXA beyond 3 h post-operativ...
Adalimumab, a biological treatment targeting tumour necrosis factor α, might be useful in sciatica. This paper describes the challenges faced when developing a new treatment pathway for a randomised controlled...
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are used to evaluate social and psychological interventions and inform policy decisions about them. Accurate, complete, and transparent reports of social and psychological i...
The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement was developed to help biomedical researchers report randomised controlled trials (RCTs) transparently. We have developed an extension to the C...
Current therapies for heart failure (HF) are followed by strategies to improve quality of life and exercise tolerance, besides reducing morbidity and mortality. Some HF patients present changes in the musculos...
The “Age of Blood in Children in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit” (ABC PICU) study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to determine if red blood cell (RBC) unit storage age affects outcomes in criti...
According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, moxa floss is the best material for moxibustion; the effect of moxibustion is closely related to the habitats of moxa floss, among which Qichun County, Hub...
The incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide. In selected individuals, bariatric surgery may offer a means of achieving long-term weight loss, improved health, and healthcare cost reduction. Physiological ...
UK deaths due to chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis have quadrupled over the last 40 years, making this condition now the third most common cause of premature death. Most patients with advanced cirrhosis...
The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:488
A secure attachment with one or more caregivers is one of the most important predictors of cognitive development and emotional wellbeing. Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) have extra need for secure ...
Low back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It impacts daily life and work capacity and is the most common reason for consulting a general pract...
Treatment for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) is taken for at least 6 months and problems with adherence are common. Therefore, there is substantial interest in the possible use of eHealth interventions to su...
Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates of colorectal cancer worldwide. In Australia there is significant unwarranted variation in colorectal cancer screening due to low uptake of the immuno...
“Challenging” HIV-infected patients, those not retained in treatment, represent a critical focus for positive prevention, as linkage to care, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, adherence and retention...
Sepsis is one of the most important causes of maternal death and severe morbidity worldwide. Studies conducted both in the UK and US have documented an additional risk associated with operative vaginal deliver...
Most adults with diabetes who are at high risk for complications have family or friends who are involved in their medical and self-care (“family supporters”). These family supporters are an important resource ...
Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported the errors in the figure and in text reference in the published article. These errors are detailed below. The original article has been co...
The original article was published in Trials 2018 19:285
With the development of painless diagnosis and treatment, remifentanil, a synthetic opioid agonist, is increasingly used in gastroscopy for its rapid, short-term, and potent analgesic effect. However, the dosa...
Obese women have fewer oocytes retrieved, an increased cancelation rate, a higher miscarriage rate, and a lower live birth rate after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment compared with women with n...
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the second most common gastrointestinal malignancy after colon cancer. Up to 90% of patients with NETs develop liver metastases, which are a major determinant of symptoms and s...
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Existing therapies for DKD are not sufficiently effective. We report t...
Conventional whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been established as the treatment standard in patients with cerebral metastases from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), however, it has only modest efficacy and lim...
People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly experience postural instability, resulting in poor balance and an increased risk of falls. Exercise-based video gaming (exergaming) is a form of physical training ...
Dietary interventions have limited success in promoting sustainable weight loss; new treatments allowing better compliance with hypocaloric diets should be developed. The aim of this trial is to describe the e...
Although China has a large number of older people living with diabetes and hypertension, the primary care system is underdeveloped and so management of these conditions in community care settings is suboptimal...
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the major cause for postoperative failure after vitreo-retinal surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Adjunct pharmaceutical therapy was found to ...
To achieve the World Health Organization hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination targets, it is essential to increase access to treatment. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment can be provided in primary healthc...
Heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs), or systematic differences in treatment effectiveness among participants with different observable features, may be important when applying trial results to clinical prac...
Preliminary evidence based on clinical observations suggests that meditative exercise may offer potential benefits for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Cardiac rehabilitation (CR), as a class-IA indi...
The surgical technique used in liver transplantation has undergone constant evolution in an effort to develop a safe, highly standardized procedure. Despite this, the initial step of recipient hepatectomy has ...
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are prone to micro- and macro-vascular complications. Monomeric and oligomeric flavanols (MOF) isolated from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) have been linked to improved ...
Conducting research can be time consuming, difficult and challenging. Guidance and pragmatic advice focussing on randomised controlled trial conduct are available but do not necessarily constitute comprehensiv...
Hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (HALDN) using a periumbilical or Pfannenstiel incision was developed to improve donor outcome after a kidney transplant. The aim of this study was to investi...
Overactive bladder (OAB) is defined as “urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia”. Acupuncture is one of the most popular alternative treatment methods for OAB. Little es...
The potential of neuroprotective agents should be revisited in the era of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute large-artery occlusion because their preclinical effects have been optimized for ischemia and...
Perthes’ disease is an idiopathic osteonecrosis of a developmental hip that is most frequent in Northern Europe. Currently, the absence of a common set of standardised outcomes makes comparisons between studie...
The mechanism of the long-lasting effect and the relationship between the long-lasting effect and the deqi sensation, which is the key of achieving the acupuncture effect, has not been well investigated. This tri...
Different methods are available for the treatment of venous ulcers. Most current approaches focus on a combination of topical and compressive therapy. Adjuvant low-level laser therapy may be helpful in lesions...
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both debilitating but heterogeneous conditions sharing core features of fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and impaired functioning. The aetiolo...
Given the importance of inflammation as a predictor of poor outcomes in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), reductions in inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed as a critical target in this population. This st...
In distal pancreatectomy (DP), it is customary to ligate and divide the splenic vein after isolating it from the pancreatic parenchyma. This is considered essential to prevent disruption of the stump of the sp...
Whilst pathways relating to the early stages of stroke care have become well established, strategies for longer-term care are less developed and longer-term outcomes remain poor for many stroke survivors. New Sta...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, recurring condition, prevalent in the general population. Current medication treatments usually leave patients undertreated. Nowadays, Chinese medicine (CM) is bein...
The estimated 300,000 adults in Australia with severe mental illness (SMI) have markedly reduced life expectancy compared to the general population, mainly due to physical health comorbidities. Cardiovascular ...
The important role of network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in health technology assessment and guideline development is increasingly recognized. This approach has the potential to obtain conclus...
Latest research demonstrates a significant improvement in stress-related symptoms in psychological disorders as a result of exercise training (ET). Controlled clinical trials further validate the significance ...
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, including China. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been demonstrated to be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular mortality, my...
Colorectal cancer remains a considerable challenge in healthcare nowadays. Most patients’ disease develops via the adenoma–carcinoma sequence; colonoscopy with polypectomy effectively reduces both mortality an...
Researchers typically report more on the impact of public health interventions and less on the degree to which interventions were followed implementation fidelity. We developed and measured fidelity indicators...
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