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  1. Proportional assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors (PAV+) is a mechanical ventilation mode that delivers assistance to breathe in proportion to the patient’s effort. The proportional assistance,...

    Authors: Karen J. Bosma, Claudio M. Martin, Karen E. A. Burns, Jordi Mancebo Cortes, Juan Carlos Suárez Montero, Yoanna Skrobik, Kevin E. Thorpe, Andre Carlos Kajdacsy-Balla Amaral, Yaseen Arabi, John Basmaji, Gaëtan Beduneau, Francois Beloncle, Guillaume Carteaux, Emmanuel Charbonney, Alexandre Demoule, Martin Dres…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:232
  2. Patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have poor outcomes. Although international clinical practice guidelines...

    Authors: Alexis Ferré, Arnaud W. Thille, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Thomas Similowski, Stéphane Legriel, Philippe Aegerter and Alexandre Demoule
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:231
  3. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are inflammatory diseases that often affect the wrist and, when affected, can lead to impaired wrist function and progressive joint destruction if inadeq...

    Authors: P. N. d’Ailly, C. Deugd, N. W. L. Schep, T. M. Kuijper, M. R. Kok, A. Willemze, J. H. Coert, P. H. P. de Jong, W. K. Lam-Tse, A. H. M. van der Helm-van Mil, I. Tchetverikov, A. E. A. M. Weel-Koenders and R. J. Bisoendial
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:229
  4. There has been an increase in the integration of qualitative studies in randomised controlled trials. The purpose of this article is to reflect on our experience of carrying out a rapid qualitative study durin...

    Authors: Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Farid Froghi, Vignesh Gopalan, Sachan Maruthan, Helder Filipe, Margaret McNeil, Sara Mingo Garcia and Brian Davidson
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:227
  5. Fluid therapy is a common intervention in critically ill patients. It is increasingly recognised that deresuscitation is an essential part of fluid therapy and delayed deresuscitation is associated with longer...

    Authors: Siebe G. Blok, Amne Mousa, Michelle G. Brouwer, Harm-Jan de Grooth, Ary Serpa Neto, Michiel J. Blans, Sylvia den Boer, Tom Dormans, Henrik Endeman, Timo Roeleveld, Harm Scholten, Eline R. van Slobbe-Bijlsma, Erik Scholten, Hugo Touw, Fleur Stefanie L. I. M. van der Ven, Evert-Jan Wils…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:226
  6. There are significant knowledge gaps regarding the effectiveness of serial prophylactic exchange blood transfusion (SPEBT) for pregnant women with sickle cell disease (SCD). The protocol for the randomised fea...

    Authors: Paul T. Seed, Sarah B. Brien, Laura L. Oakley, Vicky Robinson, Joseph Sharif, Hilary Thompson, Jeannine Joseph and Eugene Oteng-Ntim
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:225

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:347

  7. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction aims to restore anteroposterior and rotatory stability to the knee following ACL injury. This requires the graft to withstand the forces applied during the proce...

    Authors: Lachlan Huntington, Andrew Griffith, Libby Spiers, Rebecca Pile, Lachlan Batty, Scott Tulloch and Phong Tran
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:224
  8. The Chinese government stipulates all food for special medical purposes (FSMP) designed for specific diseases to be tested in clinical trials before approving it for registration. The process of developing cor...

    Authors: Dongyu Mu, Jie Gong, Yaoyao Wei, Muxi Chen, Jiajie Yu, Liang Du and Wen Hu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:223
  9. The HOPPSA trial is a multi-center national registry-based randomized controlled trial to test the safety and effectiveness of performing opportunistic salpingectomy at hysterectomy to reduce the risk of epith...

    Authors: Annika Idahl, Per Liv, Anna Darelius, Elin Collins, Karin Sundfeldt, Mathias Pålsson and Annika Strandell
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:222

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2019 20:10

  10. Perirenal fat plays a key role in sustaining pathological high blood pressure. We aim to investigate the efficacy of intervention for perirenal fat mediated by focused power ultrasound (FPU) on primary hyperte...

    Authors: Menghuan Li, Jing Shi, Yanhui Sheng, Yuqing Zhang, Tingting Wu, Jiaming Yang, Kerui Zhang, Wei Sun and Xiangqing Kong
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:221
  11. There are increasing rates of internalising difficulties, particularly anxiety and depression, being reported in children and young people in England. School-based universal prevention programmes are thought t...

    Authors: Daniel Hayes, Anna Moore, Emily Stapley, Neil Humphrey, Rosie Mansfield, Joao Santos, Emma Ashworth, Praveetha Patalay, Eva-Maria Bonin, Sara Evans-Lacko, Bettina Moltrecht, Kirsty Nisbet, Emma Thornton, Aurelie Lange, Paul Stallard, Abigail Thompson…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:220

    A Related Article has been published.

  12. CSF leakage is a major complication after cranial surgery, thus, adequate dural closure must be performed. Commercially available fibrin sealants are currently considered the gold standard for dural closure, b...

    Authors: Birgit Coucke, Anaïs Van Hoylandt, Johannes van Loon, Frank Van Calenbergh, Laura Van Gerven and Tom Theys
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:219
  13. The “Diabetes: Community-led Awareness, Response and Evaluation” (D:Clare) trial aims to scale up and replicate an evidence-based participatory learning and action cycle intervention in Bangladesh, to inform p...

    Authors: Carina King, Malini Pires, Naveed Ahmed, Kohenour Akter, Abdul Kuddus, Andrew Copas, Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli, Joanna Morrison, Tasmin Nahar, Sanjit Kumer Shaha, AKAzad Khan, Kishwar Azad and Edward Fottrell
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:218

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2021 22:235

  14. Contemporary management of uncomplicated type B aortic dissections (uTBAD) is based on the acuity and various morphological features. Medical therapy is mandatory, while the risks of early thoracic endovascula...

    Authors: Claudina Rudolph, Beate Rikken Lindberg, Timothy Resch, Kevin Mani, Patrick Björkman, Elín Hanna Laxdal, Henrik Støvring, Henriette Margrethe Beck, Gunnar Eriksson and Jacob Budtz-Lilly
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:217
  15. Many patients do not fully regain motor function after ischemic stroke. Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) targeting the motor cortex may improve motor outcome as an add-on intervention to physical...

    Authors: Mia Kolmos, Mads Just Madsen, Marie Louise Liu, Anke Karabanov, Katrine Lyders Johansen, Axel Thielscher, Karen Gandrup, Henrik Lundell, Søren Fuglsang, Esben Thade, Hanne Christensen, Helle Klingenberg Iversen, Hartwig Roman Siebner and Christina Kruuse
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:216
  16. Adaptive clinical trials may use conditional power (CP) to make decisions at interim analyses, requiring assumptions about the treatment effect for remaining patients. It is critical that these assumptions are...

    Authors: Julia M. Edwards, Stephen J. Walters and Steven A. Julious
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:215
  17. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability, and its sequelae are associated with inadequate food intake which can lead to sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of creatine...

    Authors: Juli Thomaz de Souza, Marcos F. Minicucci, Natália C. Ferreira, Bertha F. Polegato, Marina Politi Okoshi, Gabriel P. Modolo, Bethan E. Phillips, Philip J. Atherton, Kenneth Smith, Daniel Wilkinson, Adam Gordon, Suzana E. Tanni, Vladimir Eliodoro Costa, Maria Fernanda P. Fernandes, Silméia G. Zanati Bazan, Leonardo A. M. Zornoff…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:214
  18. Immunosuppression after kidney transplantation is mainly guided via plasma tacrolimus trough level, which cannot sufficiently predict allograft rejection and infection. The plasma load of the non-pathogenic an...

    Authors: Frederik Haupenthal, Jette Rahn, Fabrizio Maggi, Fanny Gelas, Philippe Bourgeois, Christian Hugo, Bernd Jilma, Georg A. Böhmig, Harald Herkner, Michael Wolzt, Konstantin Doberer, Matthias Vossen, Daniele Focosi, Hannes Neuwirt, Miriam Banas, Bernhard Banas…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:213
  19. Functional limitation among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and their dependence on their family caregivers (FCs) can significantly increase caregiver burden (CB) and reduce the qua...

    Authors: Mobina Bahadori, Ramin Sami, Shahla Abolhassani and Vajihe Atashi
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:212
  20. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare, inherited, life-limiting condition predominantly affecting the lungs, for which there is no cure. The disease is characterized by recurrent pulmonary exacerbations (PEx), which ...

    Authors: Andre Schultz, Charlie McLeod, Scott Berry, Julie Marsh, Anne McKenzie, Mitch Messer, Jamie Wood, Ben Saville, Adam Jaffe, Sarath Ranganathan, Steve Stick, Peter Wark, Steve Webb and Tom Snelling
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:211
  21. Diabetes and hypertension are increasingly important population health challenges in Eswatini. Prior to this project, healthcare for these conditions was primarily provided through physician-led teams at terti...

    Authors: Michaela Theilmann, Ntombifuthi Ginindza, John Myeni, Sijabulile Dlamini, Bongekile Thobekile Cindzi, Dumezweni Dlamini, Thobile L. Dlamini, Maike Greve, Harsh Vivek Harkare, Mbuso Hleta, Philile Khumalo, Lutz M. Kolbe, Simon Lewin, Lisa-Rufaro Marowa, Sakhile Masuku, Dumsile Mavuso…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:210
  22. Reporting of intervention research has been inadequate for many years. The development and promotion of freely available checklists aims to address this problem by providing researchers with a list of items th...

    Authors: Mairead Ryan, Tammy Hoffmann, Riikka Hofmann and Esther van Sluijs
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:176
  23. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor is recommended for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to antithrombosis, meanwhile, ...

    Authors: Tienan Zhou, Yinghui Gong, Jingyuan Li, Yasong Wang and Xiaozeng Wang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:209
  24. Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) are one of the most common neurosurgical conditions. The standard surgical technique includes burr-hole craniostomy, followed by intraoperative irrigation and placement of su...

    Authors: Liang Wu, Yunwei Ou, Bingcheng Zhu, Xufei Guo, Xiaofan Yu, Long Xu, Jinping Li, Enshan Feng, Huaqing Li, Xiaodong Wang, Huaqun Chen, Zhaosheng Sun, Zaofu Liu, Dawei Yang, Hongbing Zhang, Zhigang Liu…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:207
  25. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescence carrying a serious risk of adverse development later in life. Extant treatments are limited in effectiveness and have h...

    Authors: C. C. Paauw, C. de Roos, M. G. T. Koornneef, B. M. Elzinga, T. M. Boorsma, M. A. Verheij and A. E. Dingemans
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:206
  26. Dreaming reported after anesthesia remains a poorly understood phenomenon. At present, there is a hypothesis that dreaming occurs intraoperatively and is related to light or inadequate anesthesia; thus, in ord...

    Authors: Yufei Zhang, Bijia Song and Junchao Zhu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:205
  27. Patients receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to metastatic bone disease of the hip (MBD) are at an increased risk of post-operative joint dislocation compared to other populations. Different joint solut...

    Authors: Afrim Iljazi, Michala Skovlund Sørensen, Kolja Sebastian Weber, Allan Villadsen, Frank Eriksson and Michael Mørk Petersen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:204
  28. Equipoise, generally defined as uncertainty about the relative effects of the treatments being compared in a trial, is frequently referenced as an ethical standard for the conduct of randomized clinical trials...

    Authors: Brian Dewar, Stephanie Chevrier, Julie De Meulemeester, Mark Fedyk, Rosendo Rodriguez, Simon Kitto, Raphael Saginur and Michel Shamy
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:203
  29. The need for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in different age groups and populations is a subject of great uncertainty and an ongoing global debate. Critical knowledge gaps regarding COVID-19 vaccinati...

    Authors: C. McLeod, J Ramsay, K. L. Flanagan, M. Plebanski, H. Marshall, M. Dymock, J. Marsh, M. J. Estcourt, U. Wadia, P. C. M. Williams, M. C. Tjiam, C. Blyth, K. Subbarao, S. Nicholson, S. Faust, R. B. Thornton…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:202
  30. Authors: Vanessa Bertuzzi, Michelle Semonella, Gerhard Andersson, Gian Mauro Manzoni, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Enrico Molinari and Giada Pietrabissa
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:201

    The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:801

  31. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various growth factors and inflammatory regulators, which can effectively reduce inflammation in joints and promote tissue repair. Multiple studies have proved its effective...

    Authors: Yan Liu, Xiao-Na Xiang, Qian Wang and Hong-Chen He
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:200
  32. Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a serious and common complication after spinal cord injury, affecting patients’ quality of life seriously. Therefore, we developed this research protocol to evaluate t...

    Authors: Jiyang Li, Jianxiong Wang, Yue Hu, Rui Jian, Yulu Zhao, Dan Li, Tenggang Wan, Wuga Jike, Fangyuan Xu and Maomao Huang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:199
  33. Serious mental illness (SMI) can have devastating consequences. Unfortunately, many patients with SMI do not receive evidence-based psychological treatment (EBPTs) in routine practice settings. One barrier is ...

    Authors: Laurel D. Sarfan, Emma R. Agnew, Marlen Diaz, Lu Dong, Krista Fisher, Julia M. Spencer, Shayna A. Howlett, Rafael Esteva Hache, Catherine A. Callaway, Amy M. Kilbourne, Daniel J. Buysse and Allison G. Harvey
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:198
  34. Exercise for the prevention of low back pain recurrences is recommended, but under-researched. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a walking program for preventing low back pain recurrence remains unkn...

    Authors: Natasha C. Pocovi, Petra L. Graham, Chung-Wei Christine Lin, Simon D. French, Jane Latimer, Dafna Merom, Anne Tiedemann, Christopher G. Maher, Johanna M. van Dongen, Ornella Clavisi and Mark J. Hancock
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:197
  35. Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is an effective but underused treatment for high-impact chronic pain. Increased access to CBT-CP services for pain is of critical public health importance...

    Authors: Meghan Mayhew, Benjamin H. Balderson, Andrea J. Cook, John F. Dickerson, Charles R. Elder, Alison J. Firemark, Irina V. Haller, Morgan Justice, Francis J. Keefe, Carmit K. McMullen, Maureen C. O’Keeffe-Rosetti, Ashli A. Owen-Smith, Christine Rini, Jennifer L. Schneider, Michael Von Korff, Laura D. Wandner…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:196
  36. In on-pump cardiac surgery, lungs are at high risk of periprocedural organ impairment because of atelectasis formation, ventilator-induced lung injury, and hyperinflammation due to the cardiopulmonary bypass w...

    Authors: Simon Becker, Romina Schnitzler, Martin Rembecki, Johannes Geppert, Christian T. Kurz, Lisa-Marie Wichelhaus, Nina Timmesfeld and Peter K. Zahn
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:195
  37. Prehabilitation has been shown to have a positive effect on the postoperative recovery of functional capacity in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. The optimal way to im...

    Authors: Yuchao Liu, Zijia Liu, Yuelun Zhang, Yushang Cui, Lijian Pei and Yuguang Huang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:194
  38. As highly effective therapy against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is available with rapid uptake, there is newfound optimism for HCV elimination. Nevertheless, certain key populations have a high risk of H...

    Authors: Kris Hage, Anders Boyd, Udi Davidovich, Paul Zantkuijl, Elske Hoornenborg, Amy Matser, Ellen Generaal, Janke Schinkel, Eve Todesco, Marc van der Valk, Hayette Rougier, Karine Lacombe and Maria Prins
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:193
  39. Hypoxia is a very common adverse event that occurs during gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation, especially in older patients, owing to limited reservation of heart, brain, lung, and other organs. Prolonge...

    Authors: Qiuyue Lian, Shaoyi Chen, Xiangyang Cheng, Jie Zhang, Weifeng Yu, Renlong Zhou and Diansan Su
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:192
  40. Over 50% of all critically ill children develop preventable intensive care unit-acquired morbidity. Early and progressive mobility is associated with improved outcomes in critically ill adults including shorte...

    Authors: Razvan Azamfirei, Colleen Mennie, Victor D. Dinglas, Arooj Fatima, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Ayse P. Gurses, Michele C. Balas, Dale M. Needham and Sapna R. Kudchadkar
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:191
  41. Improving arm-hand skill performance is a major therapeutic target in stroke rehabilitation and needs intensive and varied training. However, guided treatment time is limited. Technology can assist in the trai...

    Authors: Jule Elmanowski, Henk Seelen, Richard Geers, Melanie Kleynen and Jeanine Verbunt
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:189
  42. Perinatal mental health difficulties affect up to 27% of birthing parents during pregnancy and the first postnatal year, and if untreated are associated with difficulties in bonding and long-term adverse outco...

    Authors: Camilla Rosan, Kim Alyousefi-van Dijk, Zoe Darwin, Daphne Babalis, Victoria Cornelius, Rachel Phillips, Lani Richards, Hannah Wright, Steve Pilling, Pasco Fearon, Elena Pizzo and Peter Fonagy
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:188
  43. The purpose of this study is to verify the improvement of remote qigong intervention on the quality of life and physical fitness of breast cancer patients after surgery by means of a randomized controlled tria...

    Authors: Chengxiang Li, Xiaosheng Dong, Lina Yu, Kai Yuan, Xiangren Yi, Yuanlong Shen and Hu Niu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:186
  44. Despite the introduction of vaccination, there remains a need for pre-exposure prophylactic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Several patient groups are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection by virtue of underlying...

    Authors: Toby J. L. Humphrey, Davinder Dosanjh, Thomas F. Hiemstra, Alex Richter, Michael Chen-Xu, Wendi Qian, Vivekanand Jha, Katrina Gatley, Rakshya Adhikari, Francis Dowling and Rona M. Smith
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:185
  45. Over recent decades, improvements in healthcare have reduced mortality and morbidity rates in many conditions. This has resulted, in part, from the identification of effective interventions in randomised trial...

    Authors: Rejina Mariam Verghis, Cliona McDowell, Bronagh Blackwood, Bohee Lee, Daniel F. McAuley and Mike Clarke
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:183

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