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  1. Treatment outcomes of HIV-positive individuals are threatened by low antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, a problem that is particularly acute among youth. Incentives are a promising tool to support ART adh...

    Authors: Sebastian Linnemayr, Haijing Crystal Huang, Zachary Wagner, Faith Kemunto Onkundi, Barbara Mukasa and Mary Odiit
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:511
  2. Medical complications during pregnancy, including anaemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy place women are at higher risk of long-term complications. Scalable and low-cost...

    Authors: Jane Elizabeth Hirst, Nicole Votruba, Laurent Billot, Varun Arora, Eldho Rajan, Sudhir Raj Thout, David Peiris, Anushka Patel, Robyn Norton, Edward Mullins, Ankita Sharma, Stephen Kennedy, Vivekanand Jha and Devarsetty Praveen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:510
  3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women of fertile age. Women with PCOS manifest clinical symptoms like menstrual dysfunction, hirsutism, insulin resistance...

    Authors: Maryam Sharifi Najafabadi, Jalal Moludi, Yahya Salimi and Amir Saber
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:509
  4. There is growing interest in using personalized mental health care to treat disorders like depression and anxiety to improve treatment engagement and efficacy. This randomized controlled trial will compare a t...

    Authors: Alainna Wen, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Robert D. Gibbons and Michelle Craske
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:508
  5. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a chronic disease. Its early symptoms are mild and can be relieved by rest after the pain. If there is no effective rehabilitation, it may develop into patellofemoral art...

    Authors: Youhua Li, Shuai Tian, Lu Jin, Jixin Li, Xianfa Liu and Jingjing Ji
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:507
  6. Clinical equipoise, also defined as the uncertainty principle, is considered essential when recruiting subjects to a clinical trial. However, equipoise is threatened when clinicians are influenced by their own...

    Authors: Rakhshi Memon, Muqaddas Asif, Alexandra Pitman, Nasim Chaudhry, Nusrat Husain and Sarah J. L. Edwards
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:506
  7. Perioperative sleep disorders (PSD) are an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium (POD), which is a common complication after surgery. Elderly patients who undergo robot-assisted radical prostatect...

    Authors: Yaping Shi, Qingyu Sun, Yue Wang, Chunting Chen, Jianfei Jin, Wei Wang, Yuting Lu, Yi Hua, Jianming Liu, Jinjun Bian and Zhou Yi
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:505
  8. Train-the-trainer (TTT) is a promising method for implementing evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) in community mental health centers (CMHCs). In TTT, expert trainers train locally embedded individ...

    Authors: Catherine A. Callaway, Laurel D. Sarfan, Emma R. Agnew, Lu Dong, Julia M. Spencer, Rafael Esteva Hache, Marlen Diaz, Shayna A. Howlett, Krista R. Fisher, Heather E. Hilmoe Yates, Eric Stice, Amy M. Kilbourne, Daniel J. Buysse and Allison G. Harvey
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:503
  9. It is estimated that over 240 million people worldwide have osteoarthritis, which is a major contributor to chronic pain and central changes in pain processing, including endogenous pain modulation. The autono...

    Authors: Taíse Mendes Biral, Allysiê Priscilla de Souza Cavina, Eduardo Pizzo Junior, Carlos Alberto Toledo Teixeira Filho and Franciele Marques Vanderlei
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:502
  10. Thyroid cancer is a very damaging disease. The most common treatment for this disease includes thyroidectomy and then using radioactive iodine (RAI). RAI has many side effects, including a decrease in salivary...

    Authors: Sepide Amini, Marjan Golshani, Masoud Moslehi, Somayeh Hajiahmadi, Gholamreza Askari, Bijan Iraj and Mohammad Bagherniya
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:501
  11. The technique of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture is currently taught by colleagues within hemodialysis units. Even if the main principles of the technique are well known and common to all hemodialysis uni...

    Authors: Erwan Guillouet, Clémence Tomadesso, Bibiana Acevedo Flores, Patrick Henri, Antoine Lanot, Rémy Morello and Sonia Guillouet
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:500
  12. Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC) are common types of wrist osteoarthritis (OA). Non-operative treatment consists of pain medication, splinting, and avoiding...

    Authors: Mikko Alanen, Susanna Stjernberg-Salmela, Eero Waris, Teemu Karjalainen, Jouko Miettunen, Jorma Ryhänen and Samuli Aspinen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:499
  13. Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is the most common cause of shoulder disorders. In China, manipulation has been used extensively for the treatment of patients with RCRSP. However, high-quality clini...

    Authors: Shuang Liu, Jin-Tao Liu, Lin Chen, Tian-You Fan, Xue-Jun Cui, Shao-Dan Cheng, Yan-Jiao Chen, Qi Shi, Chun-Chun Xue and Xiao-Feng Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:498
  14. Cervical traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating condition. Current management (bony decompression) may be inadequate as after acute severe TSCI, the swollen spinal cord may become compressed against the...

    Authors: Samira Saadoun, Lukas Grassner, Maurizio Belci, Jonathan Cook, Ruth Knight, Lucy Davies, Hasan Asif, Ravindran Visagan, Mathew J. Gallagher, Claudius Thomé, Peter J. Hutchinson, Argyro Zoumprouli, Julia Wade, Nicola Farrar and Marios C. Papadopoulos
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:497
  15. Total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk has been developed with promising results for DeBakey type I aortic dissection. However, several problems, such as continuous perfusion of distal false lumen a...

    Authors: Yu Liu, Ling Li, Zhenghua Xiao, Liqing Peng, Peng Yang, Chen Lu, Yu Zhang, Haiyue Wang and Jia Hu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:496
  16. Online studies offer an efficient method of recruiting participants and collecting data. Whilst delivering an online randomised trial, we detected unusual recruitment activity. We describe our approach to dete...

    Authors: Thomas A. Willis, Alexandra Wright-Hughes, Clare Skinner, Amanda J. Farrin, Suzanne Hartley, Rebecca Walwyn, Ana Weller, Mohamed Althaf, Stephanie Wilson, Chris P. Gale and Robbie Foy
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:494
  17. The transitional period from hospital to home is vital for stroke patients, but it poses serious challenges. Good self-management ability can optimize disease outcomes. However, stroke patients in China have a...

    Authors: N. Jiang, Y. Xv, X. Sun, L. Feng, Y. B. Wang and X. L. Jiang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:493
  18. Typhoid fever causes nearly 110,000 deaths among 9.24 million cases globally and disproportionately affects developing countries. As a control measure in such regions, typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are rec...

    Authors: Nikhil Sahai, Dilesh Kumar Arunachalam, Tim Morris, Andrew Copas, Prasanna Samuel, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Vinod Abraham, Joshua Anish Selwyn, Praveen Kumar, Winsley Rose, Veeraraghavan Balaji, Gagandeep Kang and Jacob John
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:492
  19. Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the most severe manifestation of chronic venous disease, with long healing time and a high recurrence rate. It imposes a heavy burden on patients, their families, and the health ca...

    Authors: Lihong Chen, Yun Gao, Ming Liu, Qiu Li, Chunmao Han, Yue Zhao, Binghui Li, Jun Xu, Yan Dai, Pei Li, Jianli Li, Yuanyuan Li and Xingwu Ran
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:491
  20. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD can result in various complications. Owing to the lack of effective pharmacological therapies, lifestyle modifi...

    Authors: Han Ah Lee, Hyeyoung Moon, Yuri Kim, Hye Ah Lee and Hwi Young Kim
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:490
  21. Obesity is a multifaceted disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue. Growing evidence has proposed microbiota-derived metabolites as a potential factor in the pathophysiology of obesity...

    Authors: Parichehr Amiri, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Neda Roshanravan, Maryam Saghafi-Asl and Mitra Tootoonchian
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:489
  22. Recent advances in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches (EETA) for skull base lesions have resulted in a significant increase in extent and complexity of skull base defects, demanding more elaborate...

    Authors: Birgit Coucke, Anaïs Van Hoylandt, Mark Jorissen, Jeroen Meulemans, Thomas Decramer, Johannes van Loon, Vincent Vander Poorten, Tom Theys and Laura Van Gerven
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:488
  23. Authors: Neena Malhotra, Taruna Arora, Vanita Suri, Saubhagya Kumar Jena, Asha Verma, Mahasampath Gowri, Nitin Kapoor, Manjeet Singh Chalga, Bharati Kulkarni and Mohan S. Kamath
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:486

    The original article was published in Trials 2023 24:457

  24. Protein intake is recommended in critically ill patients to mitigate the negative effects of critical illness-induced catabolism and muscle wasting. However, the optimal dose of enteral protein remains unknown...

    Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Musharaf Sadat, Dina Muharib, Haifa Algethamy, Fahad Al-Hameed, Ahmed Mady, Adnan AlGhamdi, Ghaleb. A. Almekhlafi, Abdulrahman A. Al-Fares, Ayman Kharaba, Ali Al Bshabshe, Khalid Maghrabi, Khalid Al Ghamdi, Ghulam Rasool, Jamal Chalabi…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:485
  25. With the increase in age, the probability of cognitive impairment in the older people is increasing. More and more evidence shows that participating in leisure activities, especially chess and cards, is benefi...

    Authors: Xiaojuan Shi, Yanrong wang, Yueping Wu and Jiangping Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:484
  26. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a moderately efficacious treatment for hoarding disorder (HD), with most individuals remaining symptomatic after treatment. The Joining Forces Trial will evaluate whether ...

    Authors: Sofia Jägholm, Sara Lindstedt, Erik Andersson, David Mataix-Cols, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Christian Rück and Volen Z. Ivanov
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:483
  27. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in part, contributes to early-onset hypertension. Beetroot juice (BRJ) reduces blood pressure (BP) by increasing NO...

    Authors: Priyanka S. Sagar, Alexandra Munt, Sayanthooran Saravanabavan, Farnoosh Asghar Vahedi, James Elhindi, Beatrice Nguyen, Katrina Chau, David C. Harris, Vincent Lee, Kamal Sud, Nikki Wong and Gopala K. Rangan
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:482
  28. Emergence delirium (ED) in children refers to the immediate postoperative period when children experience decreased perception of their surroundings, accompanied by disorientation and altered perception. Burst...

    Authors: Qian Xu, Jianmin Zhang, Zhengzheng Gao, Shanshan Li and Gan Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:481
  29. High blood pressure is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Low-sodium salt substitute (LSSS) is a promising population-level blood pressure-lowering intervention requiring minima...

    Authors: Andrew Y. Chang, Mushfiqur Rahman, Animesh Talukder, Humyra Shah, Malay Kanti Mridha, Mehedi Hasan, Malabika Sarker and Pascal Geldsetzer
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:480
  30. Although increasing evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may help improve cognitive impairment after stroke, its clinical efficacy is still limited. This limitation may be due to...

    Authors: Bingshan Xu, Chunrong Lin, Cailian Guo and Hong Wang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:478
  31. Retention is essential in follow-up studies to reduce missing data, which can cause bias and limit the generalizability of the results. We investigated whether pre-notification letters would increase the respo...

    Authors: Minttu Helin, Max Karukivi, Päivi Rautava, Milka Hirvonen, Mira Huhtala and Sirkku Setänen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:477
  32. Authors: D. Jäckel, A. Willert, A. Brose, K. Leopold, D. Nischk, S. Senner, O. Pogarell, S. Sachenbacher, M. Lambert, A. Rohenkohl, P. Kling-Lourenco, N. Rüsch, F. Bermpohl, M. Schouler-Ocak, V. Disselhof, U. Skorupa…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:476

    The original article was published in Trials 2023 24:440

  33. Each year, 1 million children develop TB resulting in over 200,000 child deaths. TB preventive treatment (TPT) is highly effective in preventing TB but remains poorly implemented for household child contacts. ...

    Authors: Akash Malhotra, Bareng Aletta Sanny Nonyane, Evan Shirey, Christiaan Mulder, Piotr Hippner, Fiseha Mulatu, Andani Ratshinanga, Petros Mitiku, Silvia Cohn, Gideon Conradie, Violet Chihota, Richard E. Chaisson, Gavin J. Churchyard, Jonathan Golub, David Dowdy, Hojoon Sohn…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:475
  34. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) involves repeated breathing pauses during sleep due to upper airway obstruction. It causes excessive daytime sleepiness and has other health impacts. Continuous positive airway p...

    Authors: Martin Law, Sofia Villar, Nicholas Oscroft, Victoria Stoneman, Julia Fox-Rushby, Yi-Da Chiu, Jo Steele, Thomas Devine, Claire Francis, Thomas Claydon, Graham Hill, Ka Keat Lim, Joanna Rayner, Mandy Williams, Emma Spires and Timothy Quinnell
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:474
  35. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is regarded as a complex metabolic disorder. Recently, the role of dietary antioxidants in the underlying pathogenesis and complications of MetS has come into focus. Pistacia atlantica o...

    Authors: Bahareh Sasanfar, Arezoo sadat Emrani, Faezeh Zademohammadi, Bita Forootani, Solaleh Emamgholipour, Sara Jambarsang, Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh, Fatemeh Pourrajab, Seyed Ali Yasini Ardakani, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh and Amin Salehi-Abarghouei
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:473
  36. Tinnitus is a leading cause of disease burden globally. Several therapeutic strategies are recommended in guidelines for the reduction of tinnitus distress; however, little is known about the potentially incre...

    Authors: Jorge Piano Simoes, Stefan Schoisswohl, Winfried Schlee, Laura Basso, Alberto Bernal-Robledano, Benjamin Boecking, Rilana Cima, Sam Denys, Milena Engelke, Alba Escalera-Balsera, Alvaro Gallego-Martinez, Silvano Gallus, Dimitris Kikidis, Jose A. López-Escámez, Steven C. Marcrum, Nikolaos Markatos…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:472

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2021 22:875

  37. Hospitalized older adults spend as much as 95% of their time in bed, which can result in adverse events and delay recovery while increasing costs. Observational studies have shown that general mobility interve...

    Authors: Joshua K. Johnson, Aaron C. Hamilton, Bo Hu, Quinn R. Pack, Peter K. Lindenauer, Robert J. Fox, Ardeshir Hashmi, Lee Anne Siegmund, Christian N. Burchill, Glen B. Taksler, Toyomi Goto, Mary Stilphen and Michael B. Rothberg
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:471
  38. Anal fistulas are mainly treated via surgery. They can be difficult to treat without surgical intervention. Numerous procedures, such as fistulectomy and fistulotomy, are performed to treat anal fistulas and a...

    Authors: Yongchang Zhao, Wei Xie, Xiaoshuo Wu, Xiaolan Li, Jinyan Guo, Qiurui Cao, Jiadi Liang, Xin-lin Chen, Wentao Zhao, Feng Sun, Hongjie Li, Weimin Luo and Yuying Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:470
  39. India has made steady progress in improving rates of primary school enrolment but levels of learning achievement remain low. The Support To Rural India’s Public Education System (STRIPES) trial provided eviden...

    Authors: Suzanne Keddie, Ila Fazzio, Siddharudha Shivalli, Nicholas Magill, Diana Elbourne, Dropti Sharma, Sajjan Singh Shekhawat, Rukmini Banerji, Sridevi Karnati, Harshavardhan Reddy, Alex Eble, Peter Boone and Chris Frost
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:469

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:569

  40. China has the largest number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world, and most lack knowledge about glycemic control and health management. This trial will examine whether a smartphone...

    Authors: Hongxia Tang, Hua Qin, Mingjiao Zhang, Jihong Zhang, Huiwen Tan, Mengjie Chen, Laixi Kong, Maoting Guo, Fenghui Hu, Qin Wang, Xiaoxia Wang, Kun Zhang and Zhenzhen Xiong
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:468
  41. More than 2 billion peripheral vascular cannulas are introduced globally each year. It is the most frequently performed invasive procedure in medicine worldwide. There is a group of patients with difficult int...

    Authors: Jakub Hlasny, Roman Alberty, Marian Hlavac, Ivan Grgac, Michael Teodor Grey and Michal Venglarcik
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:467
  42. The incidence of maternal opioid use in the USA has increased substantially since 2000. As a consequence of opioid use during pregnancy, the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has increase...

    Authors: Adam Czynski, Abbot Laptook, Abhik Das, Brian Smith, Alan Simon, Rachel Greenberg, Robert Annett, Jeannette Lee, Jessica Snowden, Claudia Pedroza, Barry Lester, Barry Eggleston, Drew Bremer and Elisabeth McGowan
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:466
  43. Universal immunisation is the cornerstone of preventive medicine for children, The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine administered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of ag...

    Authors: Sarah Kelly, Xinxue Liu, Katherine Theiss-Nyland, Merryn Voysey, Sarah Murphy, Grace Li, Mary Nyantaro, Meeru Gurung, Sudha Basnet, Bhishma Pokhrel, Sanjeev M. Bijukchhe, Agnes Eordogh, Ben Gombe, Ayoub Kakande, Simon Kerridge, Geofrey Kimbugwe…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:465
  44. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in children. At present, the long-term survival from pediatric ALL is well over 90%. However, the probability of event-free survival i...

    Authors: Harri Sievänen, Juho Kari, Henri Aarnivala, Stefan Becker, Anu Huurre, Satu Långström and Sauli Palmu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:464
  45. Optimal carbohydrate intake is an important and controversial area in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes. Some evidence indicates that reducing overall carbohydrate intake with a low- or very low-ca...

    Authors: Laura R. Saslow, Adriana Eslamian, Patricia Moran, Wendy Hartogensis, Ashley E. Mason, Sarah Kim, Douglas C. Bauer, Dina Hafez Griauzde, Veronica Goldman, Vivian Liu, Pam Stephens, Kate Raymond, George Yeung, Cindy Leung and Frederick M. Hecht
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:463
  46. Delphi surveys are commonly used to prioritise critical outcomes in core outcome set (COS) development. This trial aims to compare a three-round (Multi-Round) Delphi (MRD) with a Real-Time Delphi (RTD) in the ...

    Authors: Fiona A. Quirke, Malcolm R. Battin, Caitlin Bernard, Linda Biesty, Frank H. Bloomfield, Mandy Daly, Elaine Finucane, David M. Haas, Patricia Healy, Tim Hurley, Sarah Koskei, Shireen Meher, Eleanor J. Molloy, Maira Niaz, Elaine Ní Bhraonáin, Christabell Omukagah Okaronon…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:461

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