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  1. Tranexamic acid reduces head injury deaths in patients with CT scan evidence of intracranial bleeding after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cost-effectiveness of tranexamic acid for people with...

    Authors: Jack Williams, Katharine Ker, Ian Roberts, Haleema Shakur-Still and Alec Miners
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:370
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing worldwide. Hypertension self-management usually involves the application and consideration of oral, written, or quantitative information. Hypertensive patients in C...

    Authors: Wei Gan, Qinghua Zhang, Dan Yang, Jinyu Yin, Yujie Wang, Li Song, Ting Chen and Huan Qi
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:369
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. EGCG is proven to be of good effect to relieve periodontal inflammation, but it has not been applied as a local delivery medicine in patients with periodontitis widely. The aim of this clinical trial was to ev...

    Authors: Jiajun Zeng, Yanfeng Wang, Qiao Yuan and Qingxian Luan
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:368
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Nigeria’s healthcare system capacity to stem the increasing trend in hypertension is limited in coverage, scope and manpower. Use of trained community-based care providers demonstrated to be an effective compl...

    Authors: IkeOluwapo O. Ajayi, Oyediran E. Oyewole, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Joshua O. Akinyemi, Mobolaji M. Salawu, Eniola A. Bamgboye, Taiwo Obembe, Morenikeji Olawuwo and Mahmoud Umar Sani
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:366
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  5. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease with high heterogeneity. The disease is chronic, relapsing repeatedly and progressive with acute exacerbation occasionally. Although the treatment of MG...

    Authors: Senhui Weng, Jinghao Li, Benshu Chen, Long He, Zhuotai Zhong, Linwen Huang, Shijing Zhang, Fengbin Liu and Qilong Jiang
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:365
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Gastroscopy procedures are frequently performed under general sedation to minimize discomfort. Patients who refuse a sedative injection may experience more discomfort and adverse reactions such as pain and nau...

    Authors: Binyu Yu, Philippa Jemma Hazlewood, Xuan Yin, Shanshan Li, Hongyu Yue, Kun Xu, Shifen Xu and Yiqun Mi
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:364
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  7. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and understudied consequence of taxane chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. CIPN symptoms include numbness combined with tingling sensations, ...

    Authors: Patricia Teran-Wodzinski, Douglas Haladay, Tuan Vu, Ming Ji, Jillian Coury, Alana Adams, Lauren Schwab and Constance Visovsky
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:363
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  8. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been very little guidance in Ireland and abroad, around the conduct of research, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in particular. This has led to i...

    Authors: Sinead Pembroke, Shauna Rogerson and Imelda Coyne
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:362
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  9. The CLARITY trial (Controlled evaLuation of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for COVID-19 respIraTorY disease) is a two-arm, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial being run in India and Australia that investi...

    Authors: J. M. McGree, C. Hockham, S. Kotwal, A. Wilcox, A. Bassi, C. Pollock, L. M. Burrell, T. Snelling, V. Jha, M. Jardine and M. Jones
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:361
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2021 22:573

  10. The trial YOURTREAT aims to compare the pragmatic, short-term psychotherapy Narrative Exposure Therapy for Children (KIDNET) with treatment as usual (TAU) for the treatment of young refugees in Germany. This u...

    Authors: Jasmin Wittmann, Melissa Groß, Claudia Catani, Telja Schmidt, Sina Neldner, Sarah Wilker, Theodor May, Verena Ertl, Rita Rosner, Areej Zindler, Michael Odenwald and Frank Neuner
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:360
    Content type: Update Published on:

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:185

  12. Aniseikonia represents a potential barrier to neuroplasticity which may limit visual outcomes in children with anisometropic amblyopia. Full correction of refractive error is the first step in standard amblyop...

    Authors: Jayshree South, Tina Gao, Melinda Calderwood, Jason Turuwhenua, Paul Roberts, Arier Lee, Andrew Collins and Joanna Black
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:358
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. Clinical trial managers play a vital role in the design and conduct of clinical trials in the UK. There is a current recruitment and retention crisis for this specialist role due to a complex set of factors, m...

    Authors: E. J. Mitchell, K. Goodman, N. Wakefield, C. Cochran, S. Cockayne, S. Connolly, R. Desai, S. Hartley, S. A. Lawton, K. Oatey, S. Rhodes, J. S. Savage, J. Taylor and N. F. J. Youssouf
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:357
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  14. Acute exacerbations have a significant impact on patients with COPD by accelerating the decline in lung function leading to decreased health-related quality of life and survival time. In telehealth, health car...

    Authors: Pernille Heyckendorff Secher, Stine Hangaard, Thomas Kronborg, Lisa Korsbakke Emtekær Hæsum, Flemming Witt Udsen, Ole Hejlesen and Clara Bender
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:356
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. Subthreshold exercise, defined as aerobic exercise below the level that causes symptoms, has been utilized as a treatment for youth with persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS), but there is currently little...

    Authors: Sara P. D. Chrisman, Beth J. Bollinger, Jason A. Mendoza, Tonya M. Palermo, Chuan Zhou, M. Alison Brooks and Frederick P. Rivara
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:355
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Early identification of HCV is a critical health priority, especially now that treatment options are available to limit further transmission and provide cure before long-term sequelae develop. Emergency depart...

    Authors: Jason S. Haukoos, Sarah E. Rowan, James W. Galbraith, Richard E. Rothman, Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, Emily Hopkins, Rachel A. Houk, Matthew F. Toerper, Kevin F. Kamis, Jake R. Morgan, Benjamin P. Linas, Alia A. Al-Tayyib, Edward M. Gardner, Michael S. Lyons, Allison L. Sabel, Douglas A. E. White…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:354
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Severe postoperative pain remains a major problem that is seen in 20 to 40% of patients. The Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI) is a 0–100 index reflecting the relative parasympathetic activity allowing for int...

    Authors: Adrien Michalot, Jean-Étienne Bazin, Philippe Richebé, Bernard Allaouchiche and Emmanuel Boselli
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:353
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  18. Renal colic is the pain experienced by a patient when a renal calculus (kidney stone) causes partial or complete obstruction of part of the renal outflow tract. The standard analgesic regimes for renal colic a...

    Authors: Graham Johnson, Andrew Tabner, Apostolos Fakis, Rachelle Sherman, Victoria Chester, Elizabeth Bedford, Richard Jackson, Hari Ratan and Suzanne Mason
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:352
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self-management as RouTine (IMP2ART) is a programme of work developing and evaluating a strategy for implementing supported asthma self-management in UK primary care. The strategy enc...

    Authors: Kirstie McClatchey, Viv Marsh, Liz Steed, Steve Holmes, Stephanie J. C. Taylor, Sharon Wiener-Ogilvie, Julia Neal, Rhian Last, Ann Saxon and Hilary Pinnock
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:350
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Measles vaccination coverage in Guinea-Bissau is low; fewer than 80% of children are currently measles vaccinated before 12 months of age. The low coverage hampers control of measles. Furthermore, accumulating...

    Authors: Ane B. Fisker, Justiniano S. D. Martins, Andreas M. Jensen, Cesario Martins, Peter Aaby and Sanne M. Thysen
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:349
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. INTELLiVENT–Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) is a fully automated closed-loop mode of ventilation for use in critically ill patients. Evidence for benefit of INTELLiVENT–ASV in comparison to ventilation that...

    Authors: Michela Botta, Anissa M. Tsonas, Jante S. Sinnige, Ashley J. R. De Bie, Alexander J. G. H. Bindels, Lorenzo Ball, Denise Battaglini, Iole Brunetti, Laura A. Buiteman–Kruizinga, Pim L. J. van der Heiden, Evert de Jonge, Francesco Mojoli, Chiara Robba, Abraham Schoe, Frederique Paulus, Paolo Pelosi…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:348
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in refugees is reportedly higher in comparison to the general population. Refugee children specifically are often coping with trauma and loss and are at risk ...

    Authors: Merel E. Velu, Irene Martens, Mona Shahab, Carlijn de Roos, Ruud A. Jongedijk, Michaela Schok and T. Mooren
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:347
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most widespread menstrual disorders in women of reproductive age. This recurrent syndrome is a combination of physically, mentally, or behaviorally disturbing changes ...

    Authors: Zainab Alimoradi, Somayeh Rajabalipour, Khaled Rahmani and Amir H. Pakpour
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:346
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. Colorectal adenomas (CRAs) are precancerous lesions of the large intestine presenting as colorectal polyps. At present, the conventional treatment methods for CRA mainly include high-frequency electrocoagulati...

    Authors: Hao Wu, Yuzhen Huang, Lu Yang, Kunhan Su, Shuo Tian, Xin Chen, Siyu Li and Wanli Liu
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:345
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy. It is considered in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that the pathogenesis of AS is mainly due to Yang deficiency of kidney g...

    Authors: Yang Liu, Pei Wang, Yan Yan Sun, Jing Qu and Min Li
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:344
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Methamphetamine use could jeopardize the current efforts to address opioid use disorder and HIV infection. Evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBI) are effective in reducing methamphetamine use. However, ...

    Authors: Le Minh Giang, Nguyen Thu Trang, Nguyen Bich Diep, Dao Thi Dieu Thuy, Dinh Thanh Thuy, Han Dinh Hoe, Hoang Thi Hai Van, Thai Thanh Truc, Hoa H. Nguyen, Nguyen Ly Lai, Pham Thi Dan Linh, Vu Thi Tuong Vi, Cathy J. Reback, Arleen Leibowitz, Li Li, Chunqing Lin…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:342
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Opioid use is escalating in North America and comes with a multitude of health consequences, including HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) outbreaks among persons who inject drugs (PWID). HIV pre-exposure prophyla...

    Authors: Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Daniel J. Feaster, Lisa R. Metsch, Bruce R. Schackman, Christine Loignon, Bohdan Nosyk, Hansel Tookes, Czarina N. Behrends, Nelson Arruda, Oluleye Adigun, Marie-Eve Goyer, Michael A. Kolber, Jean-Francois Mary, Allan E. Rodriguez, Iveth G. Yanez, Yue Pan…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:341
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2022 23:815

  30. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a global epidemic. Overall outcome is poor, with mortality ranging from 10 to 70% and significant long-term morbidity. Several experimental reports have claimed effect ...

    Authors: David Cederberg, Bradley M. Harrington, Adriaan Johannes Vlok and Peter Siesjö
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:340
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  31. Current treatment options for the management of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are often sub-optimal, with some treatments either noted to be only partially effective or to require long durations of t...

    Authors: Cerena Miravalles, Ruán Kane, Eimear McMahon, Colm McDonald, Dara M. Cannon and Brian Hallahan
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:339
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  32. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disorder that seriously affects quality of life. The percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD) technique was developed to address spinal ...

    Authors: Huihao Wang, Weian Yuan, Zhongxiang Yu, Xiang Wang, Xinxin Zhao, Zhen Deng, Guangyue Yang, Weinan Chen, Zhibi Shen and Hongsheng Zhan
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:338
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  33. Though the Rwandan Ministry of Health (MOH) prioritizes the scale-up of postpartum family planning (PPFP) programs, uptake and sustainability of PPFP services in Rwanda are low. Furthermore, highly effective l...

    Authors: Kristin M. Wall, Rosine Ingabire, Amelia Mazzei, Claudine Umuhoza, Rachel Parker, Amanda Tichacek, Azhar Nizam, Jessica M. Sales, Lisa B. Haddad, Phaedra Corso, Susan Allen, Julien Nyombayire and Etienne Karita
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:337
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Authors: Sarah Halford, Susan Wan, Ilaria Dragoni, Julie Silvester, Bobojon Nazarov, Daniel Anthony, Suzie Anthony, Emma Ladds, John Norrie and Kevin Dhaliwal
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:336
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2021 22:550

  35. Current hyponatraemia guidelines are divided on the use of tolvaptan in hospitalised patients with moderate to severe hyponatraemia, due to an uncertain risk-benefit ratio. We will conduct a randomised trial t...

    Authors: Annabelle M. Warren, Mathis Grossmann, Rudolf Hoermann, Jeffrey D. Zajac and Nicholas Russell
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:335
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. Peripheral arterial disease is a progressive atherosclerotic disease with symptoms ranging from an intermittent claudication to acute critical limb ischemia and amputations. Drug-coated balloons and stents wer...

    Authors: Stefano Barco, Tim Sebastian, Davide Voci, Rolf Peter Engelberger, Alexandru Grigorean, Erik Holy, Claudia Leeger, Mario Münger, Daniel Périard, Eliane Probst, Rebecca Spescha, Ulrike Held and Nils Kucher
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:334
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  37. There is a large unused potential for risk reduction in the preoperative period via effective lifestyle intervention targeting co-existing risky lifestyles: Smoking, malNutrition, obesity, risky Alcohol intake...

    Authors: Hanne Tønnesen, Line Noes Lydom, Ulla Nordström Joensen, Ingrid Egerod, Helle Pappot and Susanne Vahr Lauridsen
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:333
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. We conducted in-depth interviews to characterize reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in emergency department (ED) patients and developed messaging platforms that may address their concerns. In this trial, w...

    Authors: Robert M. Rodriguez, Kelli O’Laughlin, Stephanie A. Eucker, Anna Marie Chang, Kristin L. Rising, Graham Nichol, Alena Pauley, Hemal Kanzaria, Alexzandra T. Gentsch, Cindy Li, Herbie Duber, Jonathan Butler, Vidya Eswaran and Dave Glidden
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:332
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common long-term condition and powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

    Authors: Hugh Gallagher, Jennifer Dumbleton, Tom Maishman, Amy Whitehead, Michael V. Moore, Ahmet Fuat, David Fitzmaurice, Robert A. Henderson, Joanne Lord, Kathryn E. Griffith, Paul Stevens, Maarten W. Taal, Diane Stevenson, Simon D. Fraser, Mark Lown, Christopher J. Hawkey…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:331
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  40. Clinical research should provide reliable evidence to clinicians, health policy makers, and researchers. The reliability of evidence will be assured once study planning, conducting, and reporting of results ar...

    Authors: Kinga Amália Sándor-Bajusz, Andrea Kraut, Odgerel Baasan, Gergely Márovics, Károly Berényi and Szimonetta Lohner
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:330
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Evidence concerning the effect of Tai Chi Yunshou motor imagery training (TCY-MIT) on upper extremity motor function (UE-MF) recovery in poststroke patients is lacking, and few studies have examined the neural...

    Authors: Lin Hong Jiang, Li Juan Zhao, Yang Liu, Hong Zhang, Si Cong Zhang, Wei Qin Cong and Rui Qi
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:329
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. Adolescents growing up in communities characterised by adversity face multiple risk factors for poor mental health and wellbeing. There is currently a scarcity of research on effective approaches for preventin...

    Authors: Felicity L. Brown, Tania Bosqui, Joseph Elias, Sally Farah, Anas Mayya, Diana Abo Nakkoul, Bryony Walsh, Sarah Chreif, Ahmad Einein, Bassel Meksassi, Roula Abi Saad, Hady Naal, Maliki E. Ghossainy, Michael Donnelly, Theresa S. Betancourt, Alan Carr…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:327
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. Physical exercise is a first-line treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication (IC) reducing pain and increasing the distances walked. Home-based exercise therapy (HBET) has th...

    Authors: Ivone Silva, Susana Pedras, Rafaela Oliveira, Carlos Veiga and Hugo Paredes
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:326
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. Household air pollution is a leading health risk for global morbidity and mortality and a major health risk in South Asia. However, there are no prospective investigations of the impact of household air pollut...

    Authors: Camille Raynes-Greenow, Ashraful Alam, Sk Masum Billah, Sajia Islam, Kingsley Agho, S. M. Rokonuzzaman, Jonathan Thornburg, Shams El Arifeen, Atique Iqbal Chowdhury and Michael J. Dibley
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:325
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. Postictal phenomena as delirium, headache, nausea, myalgia, and anterograde and retrograde amnesia are common manifestations after seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Comparable postictal phen...

    Authors: Joey P. A. J. Verdijk, Julia C. M. Pottkämper, Esmée Verwijk, Guido A. van Wingen, Michel J. A. M. van Putten, Jeannette Hofmeijer and Jeroen A. van Waarde
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:324
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of global disability. According to current guidelines, exercise is the most recommended and important non-surgical treatment for knee OA. However, the best type of e...

    Authors: Ruiyang Li, Pingping Sun, Yu Zhan, Xuetao Xie, Weibing Yan and Congfeng Luo
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:323
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:
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