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Table 2 Types of digital tools for retention evaluated in the studies

From: Digital tools for the recruitment and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials: a systematic map

Digital tools

Number of studies

% of retention studies (n = 20)

% of all studies (N = 105)

email

14

70

13

Instant-messaging or text-messaging

10

50

10

Other computer programme

3

15

3

Internet site

2

10

2

Smartphone or tablet App

2

10

2

Social media

2

10

2

Smartphone or tablet other use

1

5

1

Automated telephone call

0

0

0

Chatbot

0

0

0

Digital lecture/presentation (e.g. PowerPoint)

0

0

0

Internet forum

0

0

0

Video

0

0

0

Virtual assistant/gadget

0

0

0

  1. Note. Studies could use more than one tool type, so the total number of studies and the percentages do not summate to N = 20 and 100%, respectively