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  1. Content type: Study protocol

    Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common symptom in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing treatment with chemotherapy. However, evidence upon which to base management stra...

    Authors: Yushu Zhou, Baiming Zhao, Wanyin Wu, Xiaobing Yang, Shunqin Long, Hong Deng, Wenfeng He, Guiya Liao, Qiuping Li and Zhen Xie

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:474

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  2. Content type: Study protocol

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) may develop during partial nephrectomy due to ischemic reperfusion injury induced by renal artery clamping or surgical insult. The effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on ...

    Authors: Min Hur, Sun-Kyung Park, Jungho Shin, Jung-Yoon Choi, Seokha Yoo, Won Ho Kim and Jin-Tae Kim

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:473

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  3. Content type: Study protocol

    This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of geonchildan, a Korean traditional herbal medicine, for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluate the feasibility of a large-scale confirmator...

    Authors: Seunghoon Lee, Yeeun Cho, Jihye Kim, Jung Won Kang, Ga Young Yoon, Jun-Hwan Lee, So-Young Jung, Ojin Kwon, Kyung-Min Shin and Jae-Dong Lee

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:471

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  4. Content type: Study protocol

    Rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder disability and results in patients predominantly complaining of pain and loss of motion and strength. Traumatic rotator cuff tears are typically managed surgical...

    Authors: Birgitte Hougs Kjær, S. Peter Magnusson, Susan Warming, Marius Henriksen, Michael Rindom Krogsgaard and Birgit Juul-Kristensen

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:470

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  5. Content type: Study protocol

    Macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) occurs most commonly in high myopia and causes severe visual impairment and greatly reduces the quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and saf...

    Authors: Ying Zheng, Mei Kang, Hong Wang, Haiyun Liu, Tao Sun, Xiaodong Sun and Fenghua Wang

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:469

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  6. Content type: Study protocol

    Palmoplantar pustulosis is a rare but painful and debilitating disease. It consistently ranks the highest of all psoriasis phenotypic variants in terms of symptoms and functional impairment. Management of plaq...

    Authors: Victoria Cornelius, Rosemary Wilson, Suzie Cro, Jonathan Barker, David Burden, Christopher E. M. Griffiths, Helen Lachmann, Helen McAteer, Nick Reynolds, Andrew Pink, Richard B. Warren, Francesca Capon and Catherine Smith

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:465

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    The Update to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:534

  7. Content type: Study protocol

    Adding cyclic short sustained inflations (sigh) to assisted ventilation yields optimizes lung recruitment, decreases heterogeneity and reduces inspiratory effort in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory fa...

    Authors: Tommaso Mauri, Giuseppe Foti, Carla Fornari, Jean-Michel Constantin, Claude Guerin, Paolo Pelosi, Marco Ranieri, Sara Conti, Daniela Tubiolo, Egle Rondelli, Federica Lovisari, Tommaso Fossali, Savino Spadaro, Domenico Luca Grieco, Paolo Navalesi, Italo Calamai…

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:460

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  8. Content type: Methodology

    When designing studies it is common to search the literature to investigate variability estimates to use in sample size calculations. Proprietary data of previously designed trials in a particular indication a...

    Authors: Reynaldo Martina, David Jenkins, Sylwia Bujkiewicz, Pascale Dequen and Keith Abrams

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:468

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  9. Content type: Update

    There has been a recent steep growth in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) use for musculoskeletal conditions, but findings from high quality clinical trial data are lacking in the literature. Here, we describe the st...

    Authors: Michael M. Schlüssel, David J. Keene, Susan Wagland, Joseph Alsousou, Sarah E. Lamb, Keith Willett and Susan J. Dutton

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:464

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  10. Content type: Study protocol

    Despite effective treatments and long-standing management guidelines, there are approximately 1400 hospital admissions for asthma weekly in the United Kingdom (UK), many of which could be avoided. In our previ...

    Authors: Jane R. Smith, Stanley Musgrave, Estelle Payerne, Michael Noble, Erika J. Sims, Allan B. Clark, Garry Barton, Hilary Pinnock, Aziz Sheikh and Andrew M. Wilson

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:466

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  11. Content type: Study protocol

    Older adults living in nursing homes spend the majority of their time inactive. The associated levels of chronic disease place an increasing burden on healthcare systems. Physical activity (PA) interventions d...

    Authors: Eva Barrett, Paddy Gillespie, John Newell and Dympna Casey

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:461

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  12. Content type: Study protocol

    Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (ZA) are known to contain certain anti-cancer properties. These have been investigated in the past in various cancers such as breast, prostate and co...

    Authors: Duneesha de Fonseka, Anna Morley, Louise Stadon, Emma Keenan, Steven Walker, Sarah Smith, John E. Harvey, R. Ashley Cox, Adam Dangoor, Charles Comins, Christine Rogers, Anthony Edey, Alfredo Addeo and Nick A. Maskell

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:467

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  13. Content type: Study protocol

    Perioperative depressive symptoms (PDS) are common mental comorbidities that influence clinical outcomes and prognosis. However, there is no rapid-acting treatment to address these symptoms during a limited ho...

    Authors: Yang Zhou, Yuming Peng, Jinghan Fang, Wanchen Sun, Guofu Zhang, Long Zhen, Gang Wang and Ruquan Han

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:463

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  14. Content type: Research

    Buprenorphine is usually administered to treat opioid use disorder and pain syndromes. This research presents the first study regarding the effectiveness of different singly administered high doses of buprenor...

    Authors: Jamshid Ahmadi, Mina Sefidfard Jahromi and Zahra Ehsaei

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:462

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  15. Content type: Study protocol

    Recuperative techniques have been used to anticipate and potentiate recovery. The massage is one of the most widely used in sports. Among the ways to demonstrate the recovery of the organism is the resumption ...

    Authors: Nilton Mantovani Junior, Eduardo Pizzo Junior, Malu dos Santos Siqueira, Allysiê Priscilla de Souza Cavina, Carlos Marcelo Pastre and Franciele Marques Vanderlei

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:459

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  16. Content type: Study protocol

    Frailty is a state of low physiological reserve and multi-systemic dysregulation that leads to susceptibility to external stressors; it is associated with adverse outcomes. North American data suggest that hae...

    Authors: Benjamin M. Anderson, Mary Dutton, Edward Day, Thomas A. Jackson, Charles J. Ferro and Adnan Sharif

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:457

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  17. Content type: Study protocol

    Millions of Americans are currently living with diabetes and approximately 1.5 million cases are being diagnosed each year. Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. In addition,...

    Authors: Alexandra Halalau, Daniel Shelden, Scott Keeney and Jaspreet Hehar

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:458

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  18. Content type: Research

    Registration of clinical trials is critical for promoting transparency and integrity in medical research; however, trials must be registered in a prospective fashion to deter unaccounted protocol modifications...

    Authors: Anand D. Gopal, Joshua D. Wallach, Jenerius A. Aminawung, Gregg Gonsalves, Rafael Dal-Ré, Jennifer E. Miller and Joseph S. Ross

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:448

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  19. Content type: Study protocol

    Cryptosporidium infection and diarrhea (cryptosporidiosis) is a life-threatening infection in persons with HIV and also in children of 6–18 months of age in the developing world. To date, only nitazoxanide is ...

    Authors: Patrick Nachipo, David Hermann, Gerald Quinnan, Melita A. Gordon, Wesley C. Van Voorhis and Pui-Ying Iroh Tam

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:456

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  20. Content type: Study protocol

    There are marked disparities between pre-school children in key skills affecting school readiness, disparities that commonly persist and influence children’s later academic achievements, employment, and adjust...

    Authors: Lynne Murray, Susie Jennings, Alicia Mortimer, Amber Prout, Edward Melhuish, Claire Hughes, John Duncan, Joni Holmes, Corinne Dishington and Peter J. Cooper

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:450

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  21. Content type: Methodology

    PRECIS-2 (PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2) can assess how clinical trial design decisions (along the explanatory-pragmatic continuum) influence the applicability of trial results to intende...

    Authors: Jennifer A. Palmer, Vincent Mor, Angelo E. Volandes, Ellen McCreedy, Lacey Loomer, Phoebe Carter, Faye Dvorchak and Susan L. Mitchell

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:453

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  22. Content type: Study protocol

    Displaced odontoid fractures in the elderly are treated non-surgically with a cervical collar or surgically with C1–C2 fusion. Due to the paucity of evidence, the treatment decision is often left to the discre...

    Authors: Anna-Lena Robinson, Gregor Schmeiser, Yohan Robinson and Claes Olerud

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:452

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  23. Content type: Study protocol

    Foetal growth restriction (FGR) refers to a foetus that does not reach its genetically predetermined growth potential. It is well recognised that growth-restricted foetuses are at increased risk of stillbirth,...

    Authors: Patricia Healy, Sanne Gordijn, Wessel Ganzevoort, Irene Beune, Ahmet Baschat, Asma Khalil, Louise Kenny, Frank Bloomfield, Mandy Daly, Aris Papageorghiou and Declan Devane

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:451

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  24. Content type: Study protocol

    Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory mechanisms drive systemic sclerosis (SSc) vasculopathy and fibrosis, especially early in the disease. Therefore, patients with very early SSc could benefit from ea...

    Authors: Wieneke M. T. van den Hombergh, Brigit E. Kersten, Hanneke K. A. Knaapen-Hans, Rogier M. Thurlings, Peter M. van der Kraan, Frank H. J. van den Hoogen, Jaap Fransen and Madelon C. Vonk

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:449

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  25. Content type: Study protocol

    Progress in vitrification techniques has allowed reproductive physicians to consider new strategies for using progestin as an alternative to a GnRH analogue to improve in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, th...

    Authors: Yun Wang, Yanping Kuang, Qiuju Chen and Renfei Cai

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:455

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  26. Content type: Study protocol

    Constipation is a common complication after stroke that can severely influence a patient’s quality of life and rehabilitation. Treatments for constipation after stroke vary. Acupuncture may improve spontaneous...

    Authors: Tao Zhang, Guiling Wang, Bin Li, Linpeng Wang, Jing Guo, Junxia Hu, Xin Du, Qiuyang Hong, Jingqing Sun and Cunzhi Liu

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:454

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  27. Content type: Study protocol

    In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), antidepressant response and remission rates are low, highlighting the need for new treatment approaches. Recently, the abundant literature linking inflammatory...

    Authors: Célia Fourrier, Emma Sampson, Natalie T. Mills and Bernhard T. Baune

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:447

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  28. Content type: Study protocol

    Post-stroke physical inactivity is explained by several factors related to the stroke, which have been suggested as the causes and consequences of functional declines and health problems. Therefore, it is impo...

    Authors: Larissa Tavares Aguiar, Sylvie Nadeau, Raquel Rodrigues Britto, Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela, Júlia Caetano Martins and Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:446

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  29. Content type: Study protocol

    Current evidence suggests that good quality sleep is associated with preserved cognitive function and reduced dementia risk in older adults. Sleep complaints are especially common among older adults with mild ...

    Authors: Ryan S. Falck, Jennifer C. Davis, John R. Best, Linda C. Li, Patrick C. Y. Chan, Anne B. Wyrough, Glenn J. Landry and Teresa Liu-Ambrose

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:445

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  30. Content type: Research

    Partial factorial trials compare two or more pairs of treatments on overlapping patient groups, randomising some (but not all) patients to more than one comparison. The aims of this research were to compare di...

    Authors: Helen A. Dakin, Alastair M. Gray, Graeme S. MacLennan, Richard W. Morris and David W. Murray

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:442

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  31. Content type: Study protocol

    Current treatments for alcohol use disorders have limited efficacy and there is a high degree of variability in treatment response. In a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial, there was a large effect ...

    Authors: Kirsten C. Morley, Henry R. Kranzler, Natasha Luquin, Andrew Baillie, Marian Shanahan, Ronald Trent, Maree Teesson and Paul S. Haber

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:443

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  32. Content type: Study protocol

    Anxiety and depression are common among patients attending cardiac rehabilitation services. Currently available pharmacological and psychological interventions have limited effectiveness in this population. Th...

    Authors: Adrian Wells, Kirsten McNicol, David Reeves, Peter Salmon, Linda Davies, Anthony Heagerty, Patrick Doherty, Rebecca McPhillips, Rebecca Anderson, Cintia Faija, Lora Capobianco, Helen Morley, Hannah Gaffney, Calvin Heal, Gemma Shields and Peter Fisher

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:444

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  33. Content type: Study protocol

    Radical inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND) for metastatic melanoma is associated with a high complication rate. Seroma is often the first postoperative complication, followed by prolonged wound healing sometimes ...

    Authors: Mads Gustaf Jørgensen, Navid Mohamadpour Toyserkani, Nana Hyldig, Annette Hougaard Chakera, Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich, Jørn Bo Thomsen and Jens Ahm Sørensen

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:441

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    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:570

  34. Content type: Study protocol

    In hospital settings, delirium affects as many as 50% of older patients, aggravating their symptoms and worsening their condition, and therefore increasing the risk of in-hospital complications and death. The ...

    Authors: Karolina Piotrowicz, Krzysztof Rewiuk, Stanisław Górski, Weronika Kałwak, Barbara Wizner, Agnieszka Pac, Michał Nowakowski and Tomasz Grodzicki

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:439

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  35. Content type: Study protocol

    One out of five patients is unsatisfied to some extent after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Unmet expectations are the main driver of post-operative dissatisfaction. Improved pre-operative education on realist...

    Authors: Jaap J. Tolk, Rob P. A. Janssen, Tsjitske M. Haanstra, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra and Max Reijman

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:437

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  36. Content type: Study protocol

    The care needs of patients with a limited prognosis (<12 months median) are complex and dynamic. Patients and caregivers must cope with many challenges, including physical symptoms and disabilities, uncertaint...

    Authors: Anja Siegle, Matthias Villalobos, Jasmin Bossert, Katja Krug, Laura Hagelskamp, Johannes Krisam, Violet Handtke, Nicole Deis, Jana Jünger, Michel Wensing and Michael Thomas

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:438

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  37. Content type: Research

    Institutional review boards must guarantee the ethical acceptability of a randomized controlled trial before it is conducted. However, some may regard an unbalanced randomization ratio as reflecting an absence...

    Authors: Clarisse Dibao-Dina, Agnès Caille and Bruno Giraudeau

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:440

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  38. Content type: Study protocol

    An adolescent's school is often the second most important place for his development and education after the home. However, reports highlight the recurrence of the use of violent discipline in schools. There ar...

    Authors: Joseph Ssenyonga, Katharin Hermenau, Mabula Nkuba and Tobias Hecker

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:435

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  39. Content type: Study protocol

    Bipolar disorder is a chronic and disabling psychiatric condition, characterised by recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania and depression. It places a heavy burden on sufferers and families, with high societal...

    Authors: Emma O’Donoghue, Abigail Clark, Matthew Richardson, John Hodsoll, Sunil Nandha, Eric Morris, Fergus Kane, Deirdre O’Keeffe, Lucy Butler and Suzanne Jolley

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:436

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  40. Content type: Study protocol

    Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are amongst the most prescribed antidepressants for adolescents with depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder. However, SSRIs have significant shortcomi...

    Authors: Richard M. Stewart, Sean D. Hood, Pradeep Rao, Julia K. Moore, Kevin C. Runions, Susannah E. Murphy, Janice W. Y. Wong and Florian D. Zepf

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:434

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  41. Content type: Study protocol

    Although radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection has become the standard surgical approach for locally advanced gastric cancer, patients still have a poor prognosis after operation. Previously, we pr...

    Authors: Jie Shen, Beibei Cao, Yatao Wang, Aitang Xiao, Jichao Qin, Jianhong Wu, Qun Yan, Yuanlong Hu, Chuanyong Yang, Zhixin Cao, Junbo Hu, Ping Yin, Daxing Xie and Jianping Gong

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:432

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  43. Content type: Study protocol

    Heart failure (HF) is an important public health problem, considered a new epidemic with high morbidity and mortality. The progression of HF often determines weight reduction, muscle mass loss, and reduced phy...

    Authors: Elisa Maia dos Santos, Roger de Moraes, Eduardo Vera Tibiriça, Grazielle Vilas Bôas Huguenin, Annie Seixas Belo Moreira and Andrea Rocha De Lorenzo

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:431

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  44. Content type: Correction

    In the original publication [1] the abbreviation for Core outcome sets (COS) was pluralized unnecessarily throughout the next.

    Authors: Alice M. Biggane, Lucy Brading, Philippe Ravaud, Bridget Young and Paula R. Williamson

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:430

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    The original article was published in Trials 2018 19:113

  45. Content type: Study protocol

    The proportion of patients with controlled hypertension (< 140/90 mmHg) is very low in India. Thus, there is a need to improve blood pressure management among patients with uncontrolled hypertension through in...

    Authors: Nikhil Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy, Vamadevan S Ajay, Sailesh Mohan, Devraj Jindal, Shuchi Anand, Dimple Kondal, Nikhil Tandon, Malipeddi Bhaskara Rao and Dorairaj Prabhakaran

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:429

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  46. Content type: Study protocol

    Osteoarthritis often results in prolonged periods of reduced physical activity and is associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Exercise interv...

    Authors: Jane O’Brien, Kyra Hamilton, Andrew Williams, James Fell, Jonathan Mulford, Michael Cheney, Sam Wu and Marie-Louise Bird

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:425

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  47. Content type: Study protocol

    Type 2 diabetes is characterised by abnormal glucose metabolism, and treatment is aimed at normalising glycaemia. Outcomes measured in clinical trials should be meaningful to patients, health care professional...

    Authors: Nicola L. Harman, John Wilding, Dave Curry, James Harris, Jennifer Logue, R. John Pemberton, Leigh Perreault, Gareth Thompson, Sean Tunis and Paula R. Williamson

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:427

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  48. Content type: Study protocol

    The stellate ganglion block (SGB) can lead to vasodilation of the head and neck. However, controversy remains concerning the changes in extracerebral blood flow. The objective of this study is to assess the ef...

    Authors: Shaofeng Pu, Jie Chen, Xing Gu, Yongming Xu, Junzhen Wu, Yingying Lv and Dongping Du

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:426

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  49. Content type: Study protocol

    Thermal ablation techniques have become the first-line treatment of truncal veins in the management of chronic venous disease (CVD). Despite excellent outcomes, these methods are often associated with pain; ge...

    Authors: Amjad Belramman, Roshan Bootun, Tjun Yip Tang, Tristan R. A. Lane and Alun H. Davies

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:428

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  50. Content type: Update

    The Healthy Hands Project (HHP) is a randomised clinical trial aiming to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program in the prevention of hand dermatitis in healthcare workers (HCWs). The interventi...

    Authors: Maryam Soltanipoor, Sanja Kezic, Judith Sluiter and Rebecca Holman

    Citation: Trials 2018 19:421

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    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2017 18:92

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