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  1. Using functional foods in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased across the world owing to their availability, cultural acceptability, and lower side effects. The present...

    Authors: Saba Saati, Parvin Dehghan, Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman and Majid Mobasseri
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:35
  2. Of the 8 million people in South Africa living with HIV, 74% of persons living with HIV are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 65% are virally suppressed. Detectable viral load results in HIV-associated morbi...

    Authors: Alastair van Heerden, Adam Szpiro, Xolani Ntinga, Connie Celum, Heidi van Rooyen, Zaynab Essack and Ruanne Barnabas
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:32
  3. Sleep disturbances are common in nearly one-third of adults. Both low quality of sleep and sleep time could be related to increased obesity. An increase in visceral adipose tissue can result in the secretion o...

    Authors: Saeedeh Hosseini Hooshiar, Akram Yazdani and Sadegh Jafarnejad
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:30
  4. MND-SMART is a platform, multi-arm, multi-stage, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial recruiting people with motor neuron disease. Initially, the treatments memantine and trazodone will each be compared a...

    Authors: Richard A. Parker, Christopher J. Weir, Tra My Pham, Ian R. White, Nigel Stallard, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Robert J. Swingler, Rachel S. Dakin, Suvankar Pal and Siddharthan Chandran
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:29
  5. The COVID-19 pandemic underlined that guidelines and recommendations must be made more accessible and more understandable to the general public to improve health outcomes. The objective of this study is to eva...

    Authors: Rana Charide, Lisa Stallwood, Matthew Munan, Shahab Sayfi, Lisa Hartling, Nancy J. Butcher, Martin Offringa, Sarah Elliott, Dawn P. Richards, Joseph L. Mathew, Elie A. Akl, Tamara Kredo, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Ashley Motillal, Ami Baba, Matthew Prebeg…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:27
  6. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common perinatal condition. Convincing evidence has shown that hyperglycemia and other chronic comorbidities of diabetes during the prenatal period increase maternal an...

    Authors: Ying Pan, Hong-ying Liu and Shao Zhong
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:26
  7. Migraine is a major pediatric health problem impacting 10–12% of youth. About 1 in 3 youth with migraine are diagnosed with insomnia. Sleep and migraine share a cyclical relationship, and data indicate that in...

    Authors: Emily F. Law, Lee Ritterband, Chuan Zhou and Tonya M. Palermo
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:25
  8. Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 20% of the adult Danish population, and the financial burden to society amounts to DKK 4.6 billion annually. Research suggests that up to 75% of surgical patients could have postpon...

    Authors: Nanna Kastrup, Helene H. Bjerregaard, Mogens Laursen, Jan B. Valentin, Søren P. Johnsen and Cathrine E. Jensen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:24
  9. In certain clinical situations, root canal treatment in teeth with apical periodontitis is performed in multiple visits, with the use of intracanal dressing between visits, aiming to reduce microorganisms and ...

    Authors: Gustavo M. Almeida, Vitor Hugo M. Carvalho, Érika B. P. Silva, Marco Antonio F. Cançado, Leonardo S. Barroso, Erica L. Queiroz, Tien Li An, Ana Paula D. Ribeiro, Jacy R. Carvalho-Junior and André F. Leite
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:23
  10. Guselkumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin (IL)-23p19 subunit, is approved to treat adults with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In the Phase 3 DISCOVER-2 trial of 739 bilogico-na...

    Authors: Christopher T. Ritchlin, Laura C. Coates, Philip J. Mease, Désirée van der Heijde, Jiao Song, Yusang Jiang, May Shawi, Alexa P. Kollmeier and Proton Rahman
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:22
  11. We previously described the hypotheses, outcomes, design, and analysis for E2C2, a pragmatic stepped-wedge trial to assess an intervention to improve symptom control in patients with cancer. Subsequent conside...

    Authors: Jeph Herrin, Lila J. Finney Rutten, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Kurt Kroenke and Andrea L. Cheville
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:21
  12. Although blood transfusions can be lifesaving in severe hemorrhage, they can also have potential complications. As anemia has also been associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients, determining an ...

    Authors: Fabio Silvio Taccone, Rafael Badenes, Carla Bittencourt Rynkowski, Pierre Bouzat, Anselmo Caricato, Pedro Kurtz, Kirsten Moller, Manuel Quintana Diaz, Mathieu Van Der Jagt, Walter Videtta and Jean-Louis Vincent
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:20
  13. Neostigmine used to reverse the muscle relaxants should be guided by neuromuscular monitoring, as the degree of spontaneous pre-reversal recovery is the key to success to reverse the neuromuscular block. But n...

    Authors: Lei Yang, Na Hu, Hong Chang, Di Yang and Yunxia Zuo
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:19
  14. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease that may be complicated by abdominal pain, pancreatic dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, and diminished bone density. Importantly, it is also associated...

    Authors: Florence E. M. de Rijk, Charlotte L. van Veldhuisen, Marc G. Besselink, Jeanin E. van Hooft, Hjalmar C. van Santvoort, Erwin J. M. van Geenen, Cornelis H. van Werkhoven, Pieter Jan F. de Jonge, Marco J. Bruno and Robert C. Verdonk
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:18
  15. Mental health is decreasing among young people in Denmark. Our primary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher training programme to teach mindfulness as part of regular classroom teaching in Danish ...

    Authors: Michelle Sand Beck, Lise Juul, Morten Frydenberg and Lone Overby Fjorback
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:17
  16. Advances in precision medicine have given oncologists new evaluative tools to better individualize treatments for patients with curable breast cancer. These innovations have revealed a need to improve patient ...

    Authors: Sarah T. Hawley, Kelley Kidwell, David Zahrieh, Anne McCarthy, Rachel Wills, Aaron Rankin, Timothy Hofer, Selina Chow, Reshma Jagsi and Heather Neuman
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:16
  17. Globally, around 13% of children experience dental anxiety (DA). This group of patients frequently miss dental appointments, have greater reliance on treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) and have poorer or...

    Authors: Zoe Marshman, Helen Rodd, Caroline Fairhurst, Jenny Porritt, Bhupinder Dawett, Peter Day, Nicola Innes, Christopher Vernazza, Tim Newton, Sarah Ronaldson, Liz Cross, Jennie Ross, Sarah R. Baker, Catherine Hewitt, David Torgerson and Hannah Ainsworth
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:15
  18. Adjustment for baseline covariates in randomized trials has been shown to lead to gains in power and can protect against chance imbalances in covariates. For continuous covariates, there is a risk that the the...

    Authors: Mia S. Tackney, Tim Morris, Ian White, Clemence Leyrat, Karla Diaz-Ordaz and Elizabeth Williamson
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:14
  19. Although opioids are commonly prescribed in clinical anaesthesia, the significant side effects attributed to their overuse are raising increasing concerns. One way to reduce perioperative opioid consumption is...

    Authors: Hai-yan Chen, Xiao-yan Meng, Hao Gao, Hui Liu, Hai-Bo Qiu, Jun Lu and Jin-Chao Song
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:13
  20. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been proven to improve oxygenation and avoid intubation in hypoxemic patients. It has also been utilized during endoscopy examination to reduce the incidence of hypoxia. Howe...

    Authors: Hao Qin, Guo-Qiang Jing, Wei Tan, Jun Wang, Yi-Nan Yin, Rong-Zhang Chen, Wei Zhang and Jie Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:12
  21. Patients presenting with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) of unknown aetiology, probably the earliest presentation of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu), have been treated with oral prednisol...

    Authors: Zeid Badurdeen, Neelakanthi Ratnatunga, Tilak Abeysekera, Abdul. W. M. Wazil, Premil N. Rajakrishna, Jalitha P. Thinnarachchi, Dulani D. Welagedera, Nadeeka Ratnayake, Adambarage. P. D. Alwis, Hemalika Abeysundara, Ranjith Kumarasiri, Richard Taylor and Nishantha Nanayakkara
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:11
  22. Spatial repellents (SRs) have been widely used for prevention of mosquito bites, but their efficacy in reducing Aedes-borne viruses (ABV) has not been tested rigorously at large scale in Asia. To address this kno...

    Authors: Hasitha Tissera, D. S. Anoja F. Dheerasinghe, Neelika Malavige, H. Asita de Silva, Amy C. Morrison, Thomas W. Scott, Robert C. Reiner Jr, John P. Grieco and Nicole L. Achee
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:9
  23. The prevalence of overweight (15%) and obesity (6%) in children under 5 years of age in Canada are high, and young children with overweight and obesity are at increased risk of the development of chronic disea...

    Authors: Sarah Rae, Jonathon Maguire, Mary Aglipay, Melanie Barwick, Karoon Danavan, Jess Haines, Jennifer Jenkins, Marie Klaassen, Myla E. Moretti, Frank Ong, Nav Persaud, Michelle Porepa, Sharon Straus, Erika Tavares, Andrew Willan and Catherine Birken
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:8
  24. Social, emotional and behavioural problems in early childhood are associated with increased risk for a wide range of poor outcomes associated with substantial cost and impact on society as a whole. Some of th...

    Authors: Gritt Overbeck, Jakob Kragstrup, Mette Gørtz, Ida Scheel Rasmussen, Anette Hauskov Graungaard, Volkert Siersma, Sarah de Voss, Ruth Kirk Ertmann, Sinead Shahrzad, Clara Lundmark Appel and Philip Wilson
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:7
  25. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disabling disorder that involves changes in articular cartilage damage, subchondral bone remodeling, synovitis, and abnormal infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP). Due to the com...

    Authors: Yan Zhang, Guangfeng Ruan, Peng Zheng, Sili Huang, Xiaoni Zhou, Xuelian Liu, Wenjie Hu, Huiting Feng, Yangyang Lin, Juanjuan He, Zhenhai Wei, Jiangshan Zhang, Qing Chang, Xiaomei Wei, Tao Fan, Li Jiang…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:6
  26. Mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin (AZI) has been shown to reduce under-5 mortality in some but not all sub-Saharan African settings. A large-scale cluster-randomized trial conducted in Malawi, Nig...

    Authors: Laura Adubra, Dagmar Alber, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Yin Bun Cheung, Elaine Cloutman-Green, Fatoumata Diallo, Camilla Ducker, Riku Elovainio, Yue-Mei Fan, Lily Gates, Gwydion Gruffudd, Tiia Haapaniemi, Fadima Haidara, Lotta Hallamaa, Rikhard Ihamuotila…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:5
  27. The prognosis for patients with relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains poor, with existing treatments having significant side effects. Deve...

    Authors: Max Topp, Monika Dlugosz-Danecka, Aleksander B. Skotnicki, Galina Salogub, Andreas Viardot, Andreas K. Klein, Georg Hess, Christian S. Michel, Sebastian Grosicki, Alex Gural, Sylvia E. Schwarz, Kerstin Pietzko, Ulrike Gärtner, András Strassz, Leila Alland and Jiri Mayer
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:4
  28. Critically ill patients must be monitored constantly in intensive care units (ICUs). Among many laboratory variables, nutritional status indicators are a key role in the prognosis of diseases. We investigated ...

    Authors: Farveh Yahyapoor, Mahdi Keshani, Alireza Sedaghat, Awat Feizi, Cain C. T. Clark, Mohammad Bagherniya, Mohammad Safarian, Mohaddeseh Badpeyma and Abdolreza Norouzy
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:3
  29. Oral chloral hydrate is widely used in pediatric sedation. Intranasal dexmedetomidine has been increasingly used for pediatric sedation; however, its improvement is warranted. The combination of dexmedetomidin...

    Authors: Young-Eun Jang, Eun-Young Joo, Ji-Hyun Lee, Eun-Hee Kim, Pyoyoon Kang, Jung-Bin Park, Hee-Soo Kim and Jin-Tae Kim
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:2
  30. Numerous pre-clinical studies showed that Qingda granule (QDG) was effective in treating hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QDG in reducing blood pressure among patients with ...

    Authors: Lin-zi Long, Jian-feng Chu, Hua Qu, Qiao-ning Yang, Yan Lu, Chang-geng Fu, Jun Peng and Ke-ji Chen
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:1
  31. Preoperative carbohydrates (CHO) supplement has been widely investigated in nondiabetic patients undergoing a variety of surgeries. It has been proved that preoperative CHO could alleviate postoperative insuli...

    Authors: Shicheng Zhang, Lixian He, Yiping Yu, Xin Yuan, Tao Yang, Fuxia Yan, Fei Xu, Yan Zhang, Shiwei Pan, Huaijun Zhang, Zujun Chen, Lu Xie, Rong Wu, Wei Feng and Yuntai Yao
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1067
  32. Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) suffer with functional, social, and psychological aspects. There is a growing number of studies with multimodal approaches in the management of these patients, combin...

    Authors: Guilherme Luis Santana Luchesi, Anne Kastelianne França da Silva, Otávio Henrique Borges Amaral, Vanessa Cristina Godoi de Paula and Fabrício José Jassi
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1066
  33. High-quality evidence is lacking to support one treatment strategy over another in patients with foot drop due to peroneal nerve entrapment. This leads to strong variation in daily practice.

    Authors: Christophe Oosterbos, Sofie Rummens, Kris Bogaerts, Sophie Hoornaert, Frank Weyns, Annie Dubuisson, Robin Lemmens and Tom Theys
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1065
  34. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in the postoperative treatment of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair compared w...

    Authors: Siddarth Agrawal, Mateusz Szmit, Marek Wełna, Jerzy Rudnicki, Anil Agrawal and Waldemar Goździk
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1064
  35. Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is a common injury. Conservative care is not uniformly effective. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results in up to 70% of patients with LAS in the physically active population. LAS, ...

    Authors: Regina Wing Shan Sit, Ricky Wing Keung Wu, Samuel Ka Kin Ling, Bo Wang, Dicken Cheong Chun Chan, Benjamin Hon Kei Yip, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Kenneth Dean Reeves and David Rabago
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1063

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:108

  36. Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or IVH secondary to intracerebral (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are known to have a very poor prognosis, with an expected mortality between 50 and 80% (Hinso...

    Authors: Mette Haldrup, Niwar Mohamad, Mads Rasmussen, Line Thorup, Stig Dyrskog, Claus Ziegler Simonsen, Rares Miscov, Carsten Reidies Bjarkam, Mads Grønhøj, Frantz Rom Poulsen and Anders Rosendal Korshøj
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1062
  37. Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), caused by bone metastases, is a common complication of cancer and strongly impairs quality of life (QoL). External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is the current standard of care for ...

    Authors: Derk J. Slotman, Marcia M. T. J. Bartels, Cyril J. Ferrer, Clemens Bos, Lambertus W. Bartels, Martijn F. Boomsma, Erik C. J. Phernambucq, Ingrid M. Nijholt, Alessio G. Morganti, Giambattista Siepe, Milly Buwenge, Holger Grüll, Grischa Bratke, Sin Yuin Yeo, Roberto Blanco Sequeiros, Heikki Minn…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1061
  38. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the recommended mode of ventilation used in acute respiratory failure secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Recent data has show...

    Authors: Shuai Liu, Joseph Harold Walline, Huadong Zhu, Yan Li, Chunting Wang and Jihai Liu
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1060
  39. To support the primary care sector in delivering high-quality type 2 diabetes (T2D), literature reviews emphasize the need for implementing models of collaboration that in a simple and effective way facilitate...

    Authors: Thim Prætorius, Anne Sofie Baymler Lundberg, Esben Søndergaard, Søren Tang Knudsen and Annelli Sandbæk
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1059
  40. The effectiveness of universal immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been evident in many countries. However, the global impact of PCV is limited by its cost, which has prevented its intro...

    Authors: Grant A. Mackenzie, Arto A. Palmu, Jukka Jokinen, Isaac Osei, Stefan Flasche, Brian Greenwood, Kim Mulholland and Cattram Nguyen
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1058
  41. Bacteriophages (phages) are a promising anti-infective option for human disease. Major gaps remain in understanding their potential utility.

    Authors: Pranita D. Tamma, Maria Souli, Michael Billard, Joseph Campbell, Douglas Conrad, Damon W. Ellison, Beth Evans, Scott R. Evans, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Andrey A. Filippov, Holly S. Geres, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Lauren Komarow, Mikeljon P. Nikolich, Thomas P. Lodise, Seema U. Nayak…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1057
  42. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus treatment as a chronic disease requires adequate adherence to treatment including controlling blood glucose levels and lifestyle management. The aim of this study is to investiga...

    Authors: Nahid Shahabi, Zahra Hosseini, Teamur Aghamolaei, Amin Ghanbarnejad and Ahmad Behzad
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1056
  43. For decades, the research community has called for participant information sheets/consent forms (PICFs) to be improved. Recommendations include simplifying content, reducing length, presenting information in l...

    Authors: Tanya J. Symons, Nicola Straiton, Rosie Gagnon, Roberta Littleford, Anita J. Campbell, Asha C. Bowen, Adam G. Stewart, Steven Y. C. Tong and Joshua S. Davis
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1055
  44. The Minimising Young Children’s Anxiety through Schools (MY-CATS) trial is being conducted to determine whether an online evidence-based parent-guided cognitive behavioural therapy intervention in addition to ...

    Authors: Benjamin G. Jones, Tessa Reardon, Cathy Creswell, Helen F. Dodd, Claire Hill, Bec Jasper, Peter J. Lawrence, Fran Morgan, Ronald M. Rapee, Mara Violato, Anna Placzek and Obioha C. Ukoumunne
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1054
  45. Ensuring effective and long-term contraception in the immediate postpartum period is an effective strategy for reducing unplanned pregnancies. In the meantime, the intrauterine device (IUD) is an excellent opt...

    Authors: Thuany Bento Herculano, Fernanda Garanhani Surita, Cássia Raquel Teatin Juliato and Patrícia Moretti Rehder
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1053
  46. The current standard of care in the treatment of children with physical trauma presenting to non-designated pediatric trauma centers is consultation with a pediatric trauma center by telephone. This includes c...

    Authors: James P. Marcin, Daniel J. Tancredi, Joseph M. Galante, Tanya N. Rinderknecht, Brian M. Haus, Holly B. Leshikar, Marike Zwienenberg, Jennifer L. Rosenthal, Kendra L. Grether-Jones, Michelle Y. Hamline, Jeffrey S. Hoch and Nathan Kuppermann
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1051
  47. Mental health issues in youths have cascading negative effects on school outcomes, professional life, and physical health. Psychological well-being (P-WB) is an important protective factor against mental illne...

    Authors: O. Courbet, Q. Daviot, V. Kalamarides, M. Habib, M-C C Castillo and T. Villemonteix
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1050
  48. Facial mutilation and deformities can be caused by cancer, tumours, injuries, infections, and inherited or acquired deformities and has the potential to degrade one’s quality of life by interfering with fundam...

    Authors: Arushi Beri, Sweta Kale Pisulkar, Ashutosh D. Bagde, Akansha Bansod, Chinmayee Dahihandekar and Balaji Paikrao
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:1048

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