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  1. Some individuals who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) continue to experience significant cognitive impairments chronically (months to years post injury). Many tests of executive function are insensitive...

    Authors: Daniel C. Krawczyk, Kihwan Han, David Martinez, Jelena Rakic, Matthew J. Kmiecik, Zhengsi Chang, Linda Nguyen, Michael Lundie, Richard C. Cole, Marielle Nagele and Nyaz Didehbani

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:435

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  2. Skin fibrosis is a significant global health problem that affects over 100 million people annually and has a profoundly negative impact on quality of life. Characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation a...

    Authors: Julie K. Nguyen, Jeremy Weedon, Jeannette Jakus, Edward Heilman, R. Rivkah Isseroff, Daniel M. Siegel and Jared R. Jagdeo

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:432

    Content type: Study protocol

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  3. We present a study protocol for a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial that seeks to test the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a 52-week period of tre...

    Authors: Mariam Al-Laith, Marianna Jasenecova, Sonya Abraham, Aisla Bosworth, Ian N. Bruce, Christopher D. Buckley, Coziana Ciurtin, Maria-Antonietta D’Agostino, Paul Emery, Hill Gaston, John D. Isaacs, Andrew Filer, Benjamin A. Fisher, Thomas W. J. Huizinga, Pauline Ho, Clare Jacklin…

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:429

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  4. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant disease worldwide, with lower one-third gastric cancer the most common type. Distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was recommended as a standard su...

    Authors: Shi Chen, Dong-Wen Chen, Xi-Jie Chen, Yi-Jia Lin, Jun Xiang and Jun Sheng Peng

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:428

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  5. Stemless shoulder arthroplasty systems with uncemented metaphyseal fixation have been used for glenohumeral osteoarthritis since 2004 (Hawi, et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17:376, 2016). The stemless design h...

    Authors: Zaid Issa, Jeppe Vejlgaard Rasmussen, John Kloth Petersen, Kim Schantz and Stig Brorson

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:427

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  6. Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenging because of many factors. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of digital adherence monitoring technologies in its End TB Strategy. Howev...

    Authors: Marion Sumari-de Boer, Francis M. Pima, Kennedy M. Ngowi, Geoffrey M. Chelangwa, Benson A. Mtesha, Linda M. Minja, Hadija H. Semvua, Stella Mpagama, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Pythia T. Nieuwkerk and Rob E. Aarnoutse

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:426

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  7. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a clinically significant behavior affecting approximately 18% of adolescents and young adults worldwide. The importance of NSSI is supported by its association with a broad s...

    Authors: Michael Kaess, Julian Koenig, Stephanie Bauer, Markus Moessner, Gloria Fischer-Waldschmidt, Margarete Mattern, Sabine C. Herpertz, Franz Resch, Rebecca Brown, Tina In-Albon, Michael Koelch, Paul L. Plener, Christian Schmahl and Alexandra Edinger

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:425

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  8. Depression is the second most common psychiatric illness in old people. Up to 30% of nursing home residents have minor or major depression. Although depressive disorders in old age can be improved and even cur...

    Authors: Valentina A. Tesky, Arthur Schall, Ulrike Schulze, Ulrich Stangier, Frank Oswald, Monika Knopf, Jochem König, Maria Blettner, Elisabeth Arens and Johannes Pantel

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:424

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  9. This study aims to determine whether 3 sessions per week of acupuncture treatment is superior to 1 session per week of acupuncture treatment for symptomatic outcomes in knee osteoarthritis.

    Authors: Lu-Lu Lin, Jian-Feng Tu, Jia-Kai Shao, Xuan Zou, Tian-Qi Wang, Li-Qiong Wang, Jing-Wen Yang, Ning Sun and Cun-Zhi Liu

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:423

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  10. Enrolling participants in clinical trials can be challenging, especially with respect to prophylactic vaccine trials. The vaccination of study personnel in Ebola vaccine trials during the 2014–2016 epidemic pl...

    Authors: Edouard Lhomme, Camara Modet, Augustin Augier, Sylvain Faye, Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli, Claire Levy-Marchal, Eric D’Ortenzio, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Geneviève Chêne, Abdoul Habib Beavogui and Laura Richert

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:422

    Content type: Commentary

    Published on:

  11. To ensure patients continue to get early access to antibiotics at admission, while also safely reducing antibiotic use in hospitals, one needs to target the continued need for antibiotics as more diagnostic in...

    Authors: Ann Sarah Walker, Eric Budgell, Magda Laskawiec-Szkonter, Katy Sivyer, Sarah Wordsworth, Jack Quaddy, Marta Santillo, Adele Krusche, Laurence S. J. Roope, Nicole Bright, Fiona Mowbray, Nicola Jones, Kieran Hand, Najib Rahman, Melissa Dobson, Emma Hedley…

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:421

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  12. Septic shock is a life-threatening condition with underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities. Vitamin C and thiamine are potential candidates for adjunctive therapy; they are expected to impro...

    Authors: Sung Yeon Hwang, Jong Eun Park, Ik Joon Jo, Seonwoo Kim, Sung Phil Chung, Taeyoung Kong, Jonghwan Shin, Hui Jai Lee, Kyoung Min You, You Hwan Jo, Doyun Kim, Gil Joon Suh, Taegyun Kim, Won Young Kim, Youn-Jung Kim, Seung Mok Ryoo…

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:420

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  13. Stroke is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and high disability. Spasticity, one of the most common complications after stroke, may reduce the potential success of rehabilitation and has a detri...

    Authors: Huanqin Li, Dehuai Long, Bin Li, Huilin Liu, Tingting Ma, Tingying Wu, Martin Eriksson, Yali Wen, Jia Wei, Wei You, Yinxia Liu, Xiaobai Xu, Yajie Zhang, Linpeng Wang and Jingqing Sun

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:419

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  14. Numerous randomized trials involving acupuncture treatment for cervicogenic headache (CEH) have been conducted in recent years, but the evidence for its effectiveness is not clear. Hence, we designed a randomi...

    Authors: Youkang Dong, Taipin Guo, Lei Xu, Chunlin Wang, Guanfen Wen, Zhiyong Zhao, Lianhai Duan, Mei Zou, Yong Xiang and Shu Wang

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:418

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  15. Cerebral visual impairment (CVI), including perceptual visual dysfunction (PVD), is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Inventories of questions relating to practical aspects of visual perception in e...

    Authors: Roseline Duke, Komomo Eyong, Kathryn Burton, David MacLeod, Gordon N. Dutton, Clare Gilbert and Richard Bowman

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:417

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  17. Hot flashes are the most frequent symptoms of the menopause, with 10–20% of all postmenopausal women reporting nearly intolerable occurrences. Although pharmacopuncture with hominis placenta extract is one of ...

    Authors: Su-Ji Choi and Dong-Il Kim

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:415

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  18. Only one-third of hypertensive patients achieve and maintain blood-pressure control. This is attributed to low treatment adherence and has a negative impact on clinical outcomes. Adherence is multidimensional ...

    Authors: Luana Claudia Jacoby Silveira, Graziella Badin Aliti, Elisabeth Meyer Da Silva, Ravi Pereira Pimentel, Miguel Gus and Eneida Rejane Rabelo-Silva

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:414

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  19. Recent findings on the benefits of glibenclamide as a neuroprotective drug have started a new era for prospective studies on sulfonylureas. The effect of glibenclamide blocking the Sur1-Trpm4 channel was exami...

    Authors: Bruno Braga Sisnando da Costa, Isabela Costola Windlin, Edwin Koterba, Vitor Nagai Yamaki, Nícollas Nunes Rabelo, Davi Jorge Fontoura Solla, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira and Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:413

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  20. Opioid use has risen to epidemic proportions across Canada, with increasing evidence of harms including accidental overdose and death. Policy-makers have called for effective approaches to promote opioid reduc...

    Authors: Justin P. Turner, Patricia Caetano and Cara Tannenbaum

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:412

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  21. Acquired joint contractures have a significant impact on functioning and quality of life in nursing home residents. There is very limited evidence on measures for prevention and treatment of disability due to ...

    Authors: Susanne Saal, Hanna Klingshirn, Katrin Beutner, Ralf Strobl, Eva Grill, Martin Müller and Gabriele Meyer

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:411

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  22. Laparoscopic cystectomy is currently considered the gold standard for the treatment of ovarian endometrioma, resulting in an improvement in symptoms, a lower recurrence rate, and a higher pregnancy rate among ...

    Authors: Raquel Silveira da Cunha Araujo, Sabina Bastos Maia, Clara Micalli Ferruzzi Baracat, Moisés Diogo Lima, Eduardo Sérgio Sousa Soares, Helizabet Salomão Abdalla Ayroza Ribeiro and Paulo Augusto Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:410

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  23. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common and affects approximately 15% of individuals at different ages and activity levels. As a non-surgical intervention, physiotherapy is widely used to treat PFPS. Neu...

    Authors: Haoyu Hu, Yili Zheng, Xiaochen Liu, Di Gong, Changcheng Chen, Yizu Wang, Mengsi Peng, Bao Wu, Juan Wang, Ge Song, Juan Zhang, Jiabao Guo, Yulin Dong and Xueqiang Wang

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:409

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  24. Critical illness increases the risk for poor mental health outcomes among both patients and their informal caregivers, especially their surrogate decision-makers. Surrogates who must make life-and-death medica...

    Authors: Holly G. Prigerson, Martin Viola, Chris R. Brewin, Christopher Cox, Daniel Ouyang, Madeline Rogers, Cynthia X. Pan, Shayna Rabin, Jiehui Xu, Susan Vaughan, Janna S. Gordon-Elliot, David Berlin, Lindsay Lief and Wendy G. Lichtenthal

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:408

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  25. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), in collaboration with the Sri Lankan College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists (SLCOG), launched an initiative in 2014 to institutionalize imme...

    Authors: Mahesh Karra, Erin Pearson, Elina Pradhan, Ranjith de Silva, Arnjali Samarasekera, David Canning, Iqbal Shah, Deepal Weerasekera and Hemantha Senanayake

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:407

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  26. End-of-life (EoL) care professionals are prone to burnout given the intense emotional nature of their work. Previous research supports the efficacy of art therapy in reducing work-related stress and enhancing ...

    Authors: Andy Hau Yan Ho, Geraldine Tan-Ho, Thuy Anh Ngo, Grace Ong, Poh Heng Chong, Dennis Dignadice and Jordan Potash

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:406

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  27. Child and youth mental health problems are leading causes of disability and particular problems in low- and middle-income countries where populations are young and child mental health services are in short sup...

    Authors: Vandad Sharifi, Zahra Shahrivar, Hadi Zarafshan, Sheida Beiky Ashkezary, Elizabeth Stuart, Ramin Mojtabai and Lawrence Wissow

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:405

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  28. Unpleasant experience with the previous menstruation can increase the sensitivity to pain which may lead to moderate to severe pain in patients with dysmenorrhea. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ...

    Authors: Sahar Valedi, Zainab Alimoradi, Mohammad MoradiBaglooei, Amir H. Pakpour, Mehdi Ranjbaran and Venus Chegini

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:404

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  29. Lymphedema is the most common complication after breast cancer treatment, but management of lymphedema remains a clinical challenge. Several studies have reported the beneficial effect of acupuncture for treat...

    Authors: Chien-Hung Yeh, Tian Yi Zhao, Mei Dan Zhao, Yue Wu, Yong Ming Guo, Zhan Yu Pan, Ren Wei Dong, Bo Chen, Bin Wang, Jing Rong Wen, Dan Li, Yi Guo and Xing Fang Pan

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:403

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  30. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) leads to a significant individual and societal burden. To achieve higher therapy success rates, therapeutic interventions still need to be improved. Most current neuroscientific conc...

    Authors: Raphaela M. Tschuemperlin, Maria Stein, Hallie M. Batschelet, Franz Moggi and Leila M. Soravia

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:402

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  32. Localization of small and/or deep pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic exploration is paramount to minimize the likelihood of unplanned conversion to thoracotomy. As far as the percutaneous approach is conce...

    Authors: Yin-Kai Chao, Kuang-Tse Pan, Chih-Tsung Wen, Hsin-Yueh Fang and Ming-Ju Hsieh

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:400

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  33. The morbidity of knee arthritis is increasing among aged people and total knee arthroplasty has been its mainstream treatment to date. Postoperative rehabilitation is an important part of the procedure. Howeve...

    Authors: Ya-Liang Dai, Xiao-Min Chai, Ning Zhu, Kai-Bin Wang, Wen-Qiang Bao, Xue-Sen Zhang, Lu-Lu Gao, Qiang Liu, Dong-Mei Bao, Li-Ting Wang, Yi-Ling Wang, Jun-Jun Zhang, Yu-Xiang Li and Jian-Qiang Yu

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:399

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  34. Distortion of taste sensations is a common chemotherapy-induced side effect; however, treatment evidence is limited. Pilot data indicated that acupuncture might be able to improve symptoms of dysgeusia. Thus, ...

    Authors: Heidemarie Haller, Taige Wang, Romy Lauche, Kyung-Eun Choi, Petra Voiß, Sabine Felber, Holger Cramer, Beyhan Ataseven, Sherko Kümmel, Anna Paul and Gustav Dobos

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:398

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  35. Vaccination is a cost-effective strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years old. To be fully protected from diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, and polio, child...

    Authors: Jan Ostermann, Lavanya Vasudevan, Joy Noel Baumgartner, Esther Ngadaya and Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:397

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  36. The introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) prevention in Africa presents new challenges for health systems that are already overburdened because PrEP deliver...

    Authors: Katrina F. Ortblad, John E. Kearney, Kenneth Mugwanya, Elizabeth M. Irungu, Jessica E. Haberer, Ruanne V. Barnabas, Deborah Donnell, Nelly Rwamba Mugo, Jared M. Baeten and Kenneth Ngure

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:396

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  37. Adolescent-onset psychosis is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes than adult-onset psychosis. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommend that adolescents with first ep...

    Authors: Melissa Pyle, Matthew R. Broome, Emmeline Joyce, Graeme MacLennan, John Norrie, Daniel Freeman, David Fowler, Peter M. Haddad, David Shiers, Chris Hollis, Jo Smith, Ashley Liew, Rory E. Byrne, Paul French, Sarah Peters, Jemma Hudson…

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:395

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  38. Acupuncture is widely used for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), despite contradictory evidence. This study is designed to determine the efficacy of electro-acupuncture and manual acupuncture versus sham acupuncture ...

    Authors: Jian-Feng Tu, Jing-Wen Yang, Li-Qiong Wang, Yang Wang, Jin-ling Li, Na Zhang, Lu-Lu Lin, Zhang-Sheng Yu and Cun-Zhi Liu

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:394

    Content type: Update

    Published on:

  39. Pain from injuries is one of the commonest symptoms in children attending emergency departments (EDs), and this is often inadequately treated in both the pre-hospital and ED settings, in part due to challenges...

    Authors: Stuart Hartshorn, Michael J. Barrett, Mark D. Lyttle, Sue Anne Yee and Alan T. Irvine

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:393

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  40. Ambulatory phlebectomies and foam sclerotherapy are two of the most common treatments for varicose vein tributaries. Many studies have been published on these treatments, but few comparative studies have attem...

    Authors: Amjad Belramman, Roshan Bootun, Tristan R. A. Lane and Alun H. Davies

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:392

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  41. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and wound infiltration (WI) are common locoregional anesthesia techniques for pain management in patients undergoing colorectal laparoscopic surgery. Comparative data be...

    Authors: Corrado Pedrazzani, Soo Yeun Park, Giovanni Scotton, Jun Seok Park, Hye Jin Kim, Enrico Polati, Alfredo Guglielmi and Gyu Seog Choi

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:391

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  42. Surgical site infections (SSI) remain one of the most common complications in conventional abdominal surgery with an incidence between 4% and 19% (Sandini et al., Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e4057, 2016) in the li...

    Authors: Daniel Matz, Saskia Teuteberg, Andrea Wiencierz, Savas Deniz Soysal and Oleg Heizmann

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:390

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  43. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, even in the elderly. Fimasartan is a new non-peptide angiotensin II receptor blocker with a selective type I receptor blocking effect. The o...

    Authors: Min-gu Kang, Kwang-il Kim, Sang Hyun Ihm, Moo-Yong Rhee, Il Suk Sohn, Hae-Young Lee, Sungha Park, Eun-Seok Jeon, Jong-Min Song, Wook Bum Pyun, Ki-Chul Sung, Moo Hyun Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Seok-Yeon Kim, Shin-Jae Kim, Eung Ju Kim…

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:389

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  44. Reduction in sensorimotor function of the upper limb is a common and persistent impairment after stroke, and less than half of stroke survivors recover even basic function of the upper limb after a year. Previ...

    Authors: Kausik Chatterjee, Rachel C. Stockley, Steven Lane, Caroline Watkins, Katy Cottrell, Brenda Ankers, Sioned Davies, Mary Fisher Morris, Nick Fallon and Turo Nurmikko

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:388

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. The purpose of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in a xenogenic scaffold for repairing the supraspinatus tendon.

    Authors: José Ramón Lamas, Carlos García-Fernández, Pilar Tornero-Esteban, Yaiza Lópiz, Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Luis Ortega, Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez and Fernando Marco

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:387

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Improving patient safety is a major goal in healthcare systems worldwide. There are several international training programs to improve patient safety, but they are often focused on single topics and profession...

    Authors: Julia Dinius, Antje Hammer, Tanja Manser, Corinna Bergelt, Levente Kriston and Mirjam Körner

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:386

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  47. Anxiety is a common diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One key mechanism underlying anxiety is intolerance of uncertainty, which is a tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cogni...

    Authors: Jacqui Rodgers, Jane Goodwin, Jeremy R. Parr, Victoria Grahame, Catharine Wright, John Padget, Deborah Garland, Malcolm Osborne, Marie Labus, Ashleigh Kernohan and Mark Freeston

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:385

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  48. Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths and has the fifth highest incidence worldwide, especially in eastern Asia, central and Eastern Europe, and South America. Currently, surge...

    Authors: Quan Wang, Bo-Yang Guo, Qing-Chuan Zhao, Zun-Dong Yan, Li-Feng Shang, Juan Yu and Gang Ji

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:384

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  49. Some studies have suggested that transdermal administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) in the first few hours after symptom onset increases the chance of a favourable outcome after ischaemic s...

    Authors: Sophie A. van den Berg, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Puck S. S. Fransen, Klaartje Caminada, Arjen Siegers, Nyika D. Kruyt, Henk Kerkhoff, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Paul J. Nederkoorn and H. Bart van der Worp

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:383

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  50. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disease. Current conventional therapies for AR are unsatisfactory. Acupuncture has been recommended as an optional treatment for AR patients who are inter...

    Authors: Yaqun Liang, George Binh Lenon and Angela Wei Hong Yang

    Citation: Trials 2019 20:382

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

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