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  1. Hemodialysis (HD) is a common renal replacement therapy for patients with renal failure. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are known to shorten survival periods and worsen the quality of life of HD p...

    Authors: Kojiro Ohba, Yasuyoshi Miyata, Takeaki Shinzato, Satoshi Funakoshi, Kanenori Maeda, Tomohiro Matsuo, Kensuke Mitsunari, Yasushi Mochizuki, Tomoya Nishino and Hideki Sakai
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:950
  2. Home care service providers are increasingly supporting clients living with dementia. Targeted and comprehensive dementia-specific training for home care staff is necessary to meet this need. This study evalua...

    Authors: Steven Savvas, Anita M. Y. Goh, Frances Batchelor, Colleen Doyle, Erica Wise, Esther Tan, Anita Panayiotou, Sue Malta, Margaret Winbolt, Phillip Clarke, Jason Burton, Lee-Fay Low, Samantha M. Loi, Anne Fairhall, Meg Polacsek, Jay Stiles…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:949
  3. Despite high morbidity and mortality among people who use drugs (PWUD) in rural America, most research is conducted within urban areas. Our objective was to describe influencing factors, motivations, and barri...

    Authors: Angela T. Hetrick, April M. Young, Miriam R. Elman, Sarann Bielavitz, Rhonda L. Alexander, Morgan Brown, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, P. Todd Korthuis and Kathryn E. Lancaster
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:948

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:618

  4. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the current standard treatment for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis. The mid- and long-term patency with plain balloon angioplasty (PBA) is however far from satisfa...

    Authors: Suh Chien Pang, Ru Yu Tan, Edward Choke, Jackie Ho, Kiang Hiong Tay, Apoorva Gogna, Farah G. Irani, Kun Da Zhuang, Luke Toh, Shaun Chan, Pradesh Krishnan, Kristen A. Lee, Sum Leong, Richard Lo, Ankur Patel, Bien Soo Tan…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:945
  5. Children predominantly remain sedentary in a traditional classroom. This study aimed to demonstrate the design and baseline characteristics of a three-armed intervention program that targeted enhancements in c...

    Authors: Ming Hui Li, Cindy Hui Ping Sit, Stephen Heung Sang Wong, Yun Kwok Wing, Ching Kong Ng and Raymond Kim Wai Sum
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:944
  6. Early intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering remains the most promising treatment for acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), despite discordant results between clinical trials and potential variation in the tre...

    Authors: Lili Song, Xin Hu, Lu Ma, Xiaoying Chen, Menglu Ouyang, Laurent Billot, Qiang Li, Paula Muñoz-Venturelli, Carlos Abanto, Octavio Marques Pontes-Neto, Arauz Antonio, Mohammad Wasay, Asita de Silva, Nguyen Huy Thang, Jeyaraj Durai Pandian, Kolawole Wasiu Wahab…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:943
  7. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases as renal function decreases, and a considerable number of hemodialysis (HD) patients have sarcopenia. Exercise and nutritional support are established interventions to pr...

    Authors: Mi-yeon Yu, Jae Hyeon Park, Yong Chul Kim, Jae Yoon Park and Ran-hui Cha
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:942
  8. Authors: Kenneth Sandin, Ragne G. H. Gjengedal, Kåre Osnes, Marit Hannisdal, Torkil Berge, Jonas S. R. Leversen, Lars G. Røv, Silje Endresen Reme, Suzanne Lagerveld, Roland Blonk, Hans M. Nordahl, Gemma Shields, Adrian Wells and Odin Hjemdal
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:941

    The original article was published in Trials 2021 22:854

  9. Moderate to severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with a high rate of complications and increased mortality, yet no targeted pharmacologic treatment currently exists. As pain is a dominant symptom in AP...

    Authors: Cecilie Siggaard Knoph, Mathias Ellgaard Cook, Camilla Ann Fjelsted, Srdan Novovic, Michael Bau Mortensen, Liv Bjerre Juul Nielsen, Mark Berner Hansen, Jens Brøndum Frøkjær, Søren Schou Olesen and Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:940
  10. Young adult offenders represent a third of the UK prison population and are at risk of poor health outcomes including drug and alcohol misuse, self-harm and suicide. Court diversion interventions aim to reduce...

    Authors: A. Cochrane, A. Booth, I. Walker, S. Morgan, A. Mitchell, M. Barlow-Pay, C. Hewitt, B. Taylor, C. Chapman, J. Raftery, J. Fleming, D. Torgerson and J. Parkes
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:939
  11. Aquagenic pruritus (AP), an intense sensation of scratching induced after water contact, is the most troublesome aspect of BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Mostly described in polycythemi...

    Authors: C. Le Gall-Ianotto, R. Verdet, E. Nowak, L. Le Roux, A. Gasse, A. Fiedler, D. Carlhant-Kowalski, P. Marcorelles, L. Misery and J. C. Ianotto
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:938
  12. Core outcome sets (COS) are standardised sets of outcomes, which represent the minimum outcomes that should be measured and reported in clinical trials. COS can enhance comparability across health trials by re...

    Authors: Chiara Bellucci, Karen Hughes, Elaine Toomey, Paula R. Williamson and Karen Matvienko-Sikar
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:937
  13. The distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common fracture, with the majority of these fractures being stable. Of all diagnosed fractures, 17% is a DRF, of which a large part is extra-articular and one-third is non...

    Authors: Emily Boersma, Erik van de Krol, Tjarda Tromp, Maria Nijhuis - van der Sanden and Michael Edwards
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:936
  14. Trials involving adults who lack capacity to provide consent rely on proxy or surrogate decision-makers, usually a family member, to make decisions about participation. Interventions to enhance proxy decisions...

    Authors: V. Shepherd, F. Wood, M. Robling, E. Randell and K. Hood
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:935
  15. Most cancer patients, under active treatment or not, are sedentary, despite increasing scientific and clinical understanding of the benefits of exercise and physical activity, such as improving quality of life...

    Authors: Luiz Augusto Riani Costa, Raphael F. Barreto, Sarah Milani Moraes de Leandrini, Aline Rachel Bezerra Gurgel, Gabriel Toledo de Sales, Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli, Gilberto de Castro Jr., Sally A. M. Fenton, James E. Turner, Christian Klausener, Lucas Melo Neves, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Jose Carlos Farah, Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes Forjaz, Christina May Moran Brito and Patricia Chakur Brum
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:934
  16. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the main gynecological complaints in women of child-bearing age, but limited effective treatments are available. Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW), one of the most widely known tradit...

    Authors: Yun Du, Yatong Li, Xianyun Fu, Chenjie Li and Luo Yanan
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:933

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2021 22:967

  17. Millions of people in Germany suffer from chronic pain, in which course and intensity are multifactorial. Besides physical injuries, certain psychosocial risk factors are involved in the disease process. The n...

    Authors: Laura Puerto Valencia, Diamantes Arampatzis, Heidrun Beck, Karsten Dreinhöfer, David Drießlein, Wilfried Mau, Julia-Marie Zimmer, Michael Schäfer, Friedemann Steinfeldt and Pia-Maria Wippert
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:932
  18. Second-line treatment of HIV-2 in resource-limited settings (RLS) is complicated by a lack of controlled trial data, limited availability of HIV-2-active antiretroviral drugs, and inadequate access to drug res...

    Authors: Dana N. Raugi, Khardiata Diallo, Mouhamadou Baïla Diallo, Dominique Faye, Ousseynou Cisse, Robert A. Smith, Fatima Sall, El Hadji Ibrahima Sall, Khadim Faye, Jean Philippe Diatta, Binetou Diaw, Jacques Sambou, Jean Jacques Malomar, Stephen E. Hawes, Moussa Seydi and Geoffrey S. Gottlieb
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:931
  19. Caregivers’ influence on young children’s eating behaviors is widely recognized. Nutritional interventions that focus on the promotion of children’s healthy diet should actively involve parents, focusing on th...

    Authors: Ana Isabel Gomes, Ana Isabel Pereira, Tiago Guerreiro, Diogo Branco, Magda Sofia Roberto, Ana Pires, Joana Sousa, Tom Baranowski and Luísa Barros
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:930
  20. Prone position ventilation is a widely used lung protection ventilation strategy. The strategy is more convenient to implement in children compared to adults. Due to the precise mechanism of improving oxygenat...

    Authors: Yu-lu Xu, Ya-ping Mi, Meng-xin Zhu, Yue-hong Ren, Wei-juan Gong, Wei-jia Fu, Hui-mei Wang, Lan Ye, Yin Wang, Xiao-yan Zhou, Yan Chen, Yan-yan Chen, Li-qiong Gu, Ying Gu, Bing Jia, Jing Hu…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:929
  21. People from South Asia are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is an urgent need to develop approaches for the prevention of T2D in South Asians that are cost-effective, generalisable and scalabl...

    Authors: Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Khadija I. Khawaja, Sajjad Ahmad, Samreen Siddiqui, Khurram Shahzad, Lathika K. Athauda, Ranil Jayawardena, Sara Mahmood, Mirthe Muilwijk, Tayyaba Batool, Saira Burney, Matthew Glover, Saranya Palaniswamy, Vodathi Bamunuarachchi, Manju Panda, Suren Madawanarachchi…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:928
  22. The low-grade inflammation is pivotal in obesity and its comorbidities; however, the inflammatory proteins are out of target for traditional drug therapy. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids can modulate the downstream s...

    Authors: Ellencristina Silva Batista, Thaiane da Silva Rios, Vitor Rosetto Muñoz, Joyce Santos Jesus, Marcel Monteiro Vasconcelos, Diogo Thimóteo da Cunha, Jose Luis Marques-Rocha, Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari, Roberta Lara, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, José Rodrigo Pauli, Eduardo Rochete Ropelle, Rania Angelina Mekary, Leandro Pereira de Moura, Enilton Aparecido Camargo and Dennys Esper Cintra
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:927
  23. There is strong evidence that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves the outcomes of patients hospitalized with severe COPD exacerbation, and NIV is recommended as the first-line therapy for these patients. Ye...

    Authors: Mihaela S. Stefan, Penelope S. Pekow, Christopher M. Shea, Ashley M. Hughes, Nicholas S. Hill, Jay S. Steingrub, Mary Jo S. Farmer, Dean R. Hess, Karen L. Riska, Taylar A. Clark and Peter K. Lindenauer
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:926

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Implementation Science Communications 2020 1:46

  24. Depression is most common among the elderly and is associated with major impairment. With limited accessible treatments available, remotely provided interventions are needed. Internet-based interventions have ...

    Authors: Jonas Eimontas, Vilmantė Pakalniškienė, Ieva Biliunaite and Gerhard Andersson
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:925
  25. Tobacco use during pregnancy is the most important modifiable risk factor associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, increasing the risk of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and sudden infant dea...

    Authors: Harvey J. Murff, Robert A. Greevy, Reesha S. Sanghani, Katherine E. Hartmann, Tina V. Hartert, Cornelia R. Graves, Scott S. Lee and Hilary A. Tindle
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:922
  26. Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is the precursor state of ovarian failure and can cause the decline of women’s reproductive function. DOR also leads to poor outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transf...

    Authors: Le Yang, Hanwang Zhang, Li Zhou, Ying Gao, Lijuan Yang, Yajun Hu, Lu Xu and Dongmei Huang
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:921
  27. Emotional dysregulation (ED) constitutes a relevant factor involved in the onset and maintenance of many mental disorders. Targeting ED during adolescence could be a determinant both to identify high-risk indi...

    Authors: Laura Pedrini, Roberta Rossi, Laura Rosa Magni, Mariangela Lanfredi, Serena Meloni, Clarissa Ferrari, Ambra Macis, Nicola Lopizzo, Valentina Zonca and Annamaria Cattaneo
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:920
  28. It is known that only 50% of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorders (MDD) respond to the first-line antidepressant treatment. Accordingly, there is a need to improve response rates to reduce health...

    Authors: Céline K. Stäuble, Markus L. Lampert, Samuel Allemann, Martin Hatzinger, Kurt E. Hersberger, Henriette E. Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Christian Imboden and Thorsten Mikoteit
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:919
  29. Schizophrenia is a persistent psychotic disorder often accompanied by severe disability and premature mortality. New pharmacological treatments are urgently needed. Sodium benzoate, a common food preservative ...

    Authors: Andrea Baker, Lachlan Clarke, Peter Donovan, Jacobus P. J. Ungerer, Gunter Hartel, George Bruxner, Luca Cocchi, Anne Gordon, Vikas Moudgil, Gail Robinson, Digant Roy, Ravinder Sohal, Emma Whittle and James G. Scott
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:918
  30. In recent years, the prevalence of infertility has significantly increased and has become a global reproductive health problem. The female ovarian reserves have been shown to decrease progressively with an inc...

    Authors: Yingjie Ma, Xianling Cao, Jingyan Song, Dandan Gao, Xinlei Wang, Li Li and Zhengao Sun
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:917
  31. The improvement of psychological treatments for depression in young adults is a pressing issue highlighted in the literature. Its relevance is determined not only because young adults are underrepresented in r...

    Authors: Adrián Montesano, Joan C. Medina, Clara Paz, Helena García-Mieres, Noelia Niño-Robles, Eugeni García-Grau, Josep Cañete Crespillo, Alejandro García-Gutiérrez, Miquel Alabèrnia-Segura and Guillem Feixas
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:916
  32. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world, affecting mainly women residing in low- and middle-income countries. Progression from a pre-invasive phase to that of an invasive phase generally ...

    Authors: S. Yogeshkumar, Jean Anderson, Enriquito Lu, Edward Kenyi, Margaret Mensa, Katrina Thaler, Ramalingappa Antartani, Kasturi Donimath, Basavaraj Patil, Santosh Chikaraddi, Shailaja Bidri, Aruna Biradar, Muttappa R. Gudadinni, Laxmikant Lokare, Gayane Yenokyan, Mrutyunjaya B. Bellad…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:915
  33. The combination of poverty, HIV and depression in the perinatal period represents a major public health challenge in many Southern African countries. In some areas, up to a third of HIV-positive women experien...

    Authors: Tamsen J. Rochat, Samukelisiwe Dube, Kobus Herbst, Cecilia A. Hoegfeldt, Stephanie Redinger, Thandeka Khoza, Ruth Margret Bland, Linda Richter, Louise Linsell, Chris Desmond, Aisha K. Yousafzai, Michelle Craske, Ed Juszczak, Melanie Abas, Taygen Edwards, David Ekers…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:914
  34. Theoretical models of insomnia suggest that stressful life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause acute insomnia (short-term disruptions to sleep). Early interventions may prevent short-term sleep pr...

    Authors: Olivia L. Sawdon, Greg J. Elder, Nayantara Santhi, Pamela Alfonso-Miller and Jason G. Ellis
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:913

    The Letter to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:704

  35. Gastric cancer, which is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related death, is particularly predominant in East Asian countries, such as China, Japan and Korea. It is a s...

    Authors: Cheng Meng, Shougen Cao, Xiaodong Liu, Leping Li, Qingsi He, Lijian Xia, Lixin Jiang, Xianqun Chu, Xinjian Wang, Hao Wang, Xizeng Hui, Zuocheng Sun, Shusheng Huang, Quanhong Duan, Daogui Yang, Huanhu Zhang…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:912
  36. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of clinical trial activity took place face to face within clinical or research units. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant shift towards trial delivery w...

    Authors: Jane A. H. Masoli, Kim Down, Gary Nestor, Sharon Hudson, John T. O’Brien, James D. Williamson, Carolyn A. Young and Camille Carroll
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:911
  37. The Philippines has been severely affected by the methamphetamine crisis. The government has launched a policy war against drug use, although the severe sanctions imposed on drug users have been criticized int...

    Authors: Takayuki Harada, Toshiaki Baba, Tomohiro Shirasaka and Shogo Kanamori
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:909
  38. A clinical pattern of damage to the auditory, visual, and vestibular sensorimotor systems, known as multi-sensory impairment, affects roughly 2% of the US population each year. Within the population of US mili...

    Authors: Ann-Margret Ervin, Michael C. Schubert, Americo A. Migliaccio, Jamie Perin, Hamadou Coulibaly, Jennifer L. Millar, Dale Roberts, Mark Shelhamer, Daniel Gold, Stephanie Beauregard, Robin Pinto, Douglas Brungart and Bryan K. Ward
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:908
  39. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) including upper crossed syndrome (UCS) are considered as the leading cause of work-related issues worldwide among office workers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate ...

    Authors: Zohreh Yaghoubitajani, Mehdi Gheitasi, Mohammad Bayattork and Lars Louis Andersen
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:907
  40. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), especially for acute suicidal ideation, but the associated cognitive adverse effects and negative stigm...

    Authors: Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Shawn M. McClintock, Itay Hadas, Elisa Kallioniemi, Reza Zomorrodi, Alanah Throop, Lucy Palmer, Faranak Farzan, Kevin E. Thorpe, Carol Tamminga and Daniel M. Blumberger
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:906

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2021 22:786

  41. Insomnia is common in people with long-term medical conditions and is related to increased mortality and morbidity. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is first choice treatment and effective for...

    Authors: Nynke L. Rauwerda, Hans Knoop, Irene Pot, Annemieke van Straten, Marian E. Rikkert, Anouk Zondervan, Thom P. J. Timmerhuis, Annemarie M. J. Braamse and H. Myrthe Boss
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:904
  42. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 10 to 20% of children and between 2 and 15% of the adults in Western Europe. Since 2000, therapeutic clothing or functional textiles b...

    Authors: Aviël Ragamin, Karin B. Fieten, Ron A. Tupker, Jill de Wit, Minke M. F. van Mierlo, Marieke S. Jansen, Madelon B. Bronner, Renske Schappin, Frank H. J. Schuren, Margreet L. E. Romeijn, Bernd W. M. Arents, Suzanne Polinder, Marlies de Graaf, Thomas Rustemeyer, Marie L. A. Schuttelaar and Suzanne G. M. A. Pasmans
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:902
  43. Given the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is becoming refractory more and more. Antibiotic prophylaxis including continuous low-dose antibiotic ther...

    Authors: Tonglu Li, Yingru Xu and Xuezhong Gong
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:901
  44. Little is known regarding treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the study was to explore the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PF...

    Authors: Stacey Haukeland-Parker, Bente Frisk, Martijn A. Spruit, Signe Nilssen Stafne and Hege Hølmo Johannessen
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:900
  45. Beta-casein is a major protein in cow’s milk, of which A1 and A2 are the most frequent variants. Recent evidence implicates A1 beta-casein consumption in mechanisms that are of potential importance to mental h...

    Authors: Meghan Hockey, Hajara Aslam, Michael Berk, Julie A. Pasco, Anu Ruusunen, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Helen Macpherson, Mary Lou Chatterton, Wolfgang Marx, Adrienne O’Neil, Tetyana Rocks, Amelia J. McGuinness, Lauren M. Young and Felice N. Jacka
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:899
  46. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unclear etiology that mainly affects infants and young children. Strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of coronary artery lesions (CALs), the ...

    Authors: Si-Yuan Lin, Lan He, Li-Ping Xie, Yin Wang, Yi-Xiang Lin, Yin-Yin Cao, Wei-Li Yan, Fang Liu and Guo-Ying Huang
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:898
  47. HIV is one of the greatest public health challenges in South Africa. Potential HIV vaccines and antibodies are thought to be cost-effective biomedical HIV prevention methods and are currently under investigati...

    Authors: Jill Hanass-Hancock, Bradley Carpenter, Tarylee Reddy, Ayanda Nzuza, Zakir Gaffoor, Ameena Goga and Michele Andrasik
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:897
  48. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, chronic, debilitating mood disorder that causes serious functional impairment and significantly decreased quality of life. Pharmacotherapy represents the first-line...

    Authors: Alessandra Minelli, Stefano Barlati, Erika Vitali, Stefano Bignotti, Vincenzo Dattilo, Giovanni Battista Tura, Elisabetta Maffioletti, Edoardo Giacopuzzi, Vincenza Santoro, Giulia Perusi, Chiara Cobelli, Chiara Magri, Silvia Bonizzato, Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto, Edoardo Spina, Antonio Vita…
    Citation: Trials 2021 22:896

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