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The necessity of spinal segment fusion after decompression is one of the most controversial and unresolved issues in single-level lumbar spinal stenosis surgery. To date, only one trial carried out 15 years ag...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is prescribed to almost half of all men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Although ADT is effective treatment, with virtually all men with advanced disease showing initial clin...
Muscle cramps are a common and often disabling symptom in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disorder. To date, there are no medications specifically approved fo...
Hypertension is a highly relevant public health challenge. Digital interventions may support improving adherence to anti-hypertensive medications and alter health behavior. Therefore, this protocol describes a...
Heparin anticoagulation therapy is a widely used method to prevent cerebral vasospasm (CV) and venous thrombosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Subcutaneous hep...
Children undergoing anaesthetic induction experience peri-operative anxiety associated with negative outcomes including emergence delirium, short- and long-term maladaptive behaviour and increased postoperativ...
Although the number of cancer clinical drug trials is increasing rapidly in China, issues concerning informed consent in this research context are understudied. By performing a narrative literature review, we ...
Pain is frequent after cardiac surgery and source of multiple complications that can impair postoperative recovery. Regional anesthesia seems to be an interesting technique to reduce the pain in this context, ...
Clinical trials aim to draw conclusions about the effects of treatments, but a trial can address many different potential questions. For example, does the treatment work well for patients who take it as prescr...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been shown to affect nutritional recommendations. Some functional foods have been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of people with COVID-19. Howeve...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased globally; with a disproportionate burden in South and Southeast Asian countries, including Nepal. There is an urgent need for clinically and cost-effective cultura...
Psychotic disorders often develop a chronic course with devastating consequences for individuals, families, and societies. Early intervention programs for people in the first 5 years after the initial psychoti...
The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:476
Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is a first-line treatment for tic disorders that aims to improve controllability over tics that an individual finds distressing or impairing. However, it i...
Hypertension is the most frequent chronic pathology in France and in the world. It is one of the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In France, 50% of treated hypertensives are uncontrolled and only 3...
Pragmatic trials provide decision-oriented, real-world evidence that is highly applicable and generalizable. The interest in real-world evidence is fueled by the assumption that effects in the “real-world” are...
Pediatric research is crucial for the development of new scientific advancements, treatments, and therapies for adolescents. Yet relatively few pediatric clinical trials are conducted due to barriers to succes...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with changes in gait and posture, which increases the rate of falls and injuries in this population. Tai Chi (TC) training enhances the movement capacity of patients with...
The duration and regimen of tuberculosis (TB) treatment is currently based predominantly on whether the M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strain is drug-sensitive (DS) or multidrug-resistant (MDR) with doses adjusted by pati...
In 2021, there were 38.4 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally, of which 20.6 million (54%) were living in Eastern and Southern Africa. Longitudinal studies, inclusive of community randomized trials ...
Literacy is one of the most important skills a students can achieve, as it provides access to information and communication. Unfortunately, literacy skills are not easily acquired, especially for students with...
Stenosis is one of the most common complications in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is the treatment of choice for a short stenosis adjacent to the anastomosis from previo...
Pragmatic trials, because they study widely used treatments in settings of routine practice, require intensive participation from clinicians who determine whether patients can be enrolled. Clinicians are often...
Excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin cancer. Implementing new technologies and computational algorithms can potentially change the outlook for cancer prevention and facilitate ...
Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between intestinal flora and the severity of myocardial infarction as well as post-myocardial infarction repair. However, few studies have investigated whether pr...
Uganda’s community health worker (CHW), or village health team (VHT), program faces significant challenges with poor retention and insufficient financial and program investment. Adequate compensation comprisin...
Informal caregivers of people with dementia are crucial in dementia care. However, they are insufficiently supported and report caregiver burdens, which urges the need for cost-effective interventions aimed at...
Many randomized trials that aim to assess new or commonly used medical or surgical interventions have been so small that the validity of conclusions becomes questionable.
Endometriosis affects 190 million women and those assigned female at birth worldwide. For some, it is associated with debilitating chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosis of endometriosis is often achieved through diag...
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the operationalisation of non-COVID-19 clinical trials globally, particularly site and participant recruitment and trial success/stoppage. Trials which anticipate recruitment cha...
As a practice-oriented discipline, strict adherence to reporting guidelines is particularly important in randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts of the nursing area. However, whether abstract reports after...
Patients experience considerable postoperative pain after spinal surgery. As the spine is located at the centre of the body and supports body weight, severe postoperative pain hinders upper body elevation and ...
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression. Self-directed online CBT interventions have made CBT more accessible at a lower cost. However, adherence is often poor and, in the ...
Anxiety is commonly experienced by people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Whilst there is strong evidence for late-life anxiety treatment using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and...
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a fatal disease due to the tendency to rupture. The drug treatment for small AAA without surgical indications has been controversial. Previous studies showed that high-sensit...
The prevalence of post-surgical lumbar neuropathic radiculopathy is approximately 30%. Poor response to the recommended treatments for neuropathic pain, namely antidepressants and/or gabapentinoids, requires t...
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a neurological emergency, affecting a younger population than individuals experiencing an ischemic stroke; aSAH is associated with a high risk of mortality and perm...
Critically ill patients are subject to severe skeletal muscle wasting during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, resulting in impaired short- and long-term functional outcomes and health-related quality of life. I...
Different dietary protein sources are supposed to have various effects on metabolic responses and arterial stiffness in the postprandial period. This study aims to assess the postprandial effects of dietary pr...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleo...
New treatment strategies are required against infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, which grows increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods for antibiotic susceptibility tes...
After esophagectomy for esophageal and esophagogastric cancer, more than half of patients have lost > 10% of their body weight at 12 months. In most cases, the gastric remnant is used for reconstruction after ...
Low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) is an emerging therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although its effect on glucose control has been confirmed in previous clinical trials, most of those studies have focused...
First-line rehabilitative strategies to improve motor deficits are based on functional training (physical or occupational therapy), which has been demonstrated to facilitate neural reorganisation. Accumulating...
Cervical hybrid surgery (HS) combines anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) to establish an individualized surgical plan for patients with multiple cervical disc d...
Platform trials gained popularity during the last few years as they increase flexibility compared to multi-arm trials by allowing new experimental arms entering when the trial already started. Using a shared c...
Patients with active nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) usually require urgent endoscopic treatment. Standard therapy (ST) using haemoclip + / − epinephrine injection is not always successful...
The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2023 24:718
The rate of open tibia fractures is rapidly increasing across the globe due to a recent rise in road traffic accidents, predominantly in low- and low-middle-income countries. These injuries are orthopedic emer...
Because of high demand on hospital beds, hospitals seek to reduce patients’ length of stay (LOS) while preserving the quality of care. In addition to usual intermittent vital sign monitoring, continuous monito...
Ventilated infants frequently require supplemental oxygen, but its use should be monitored carefully due to associated complications. The achievement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets can be challenging as neon...
The factors which influence participant retention in paediatric randomised controlled trials are under-researched. Retention may be more challenging due to child developmental stages, involving additional part...
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