From: Pedicle screw placement accuracy in robot-assisted versus image-guided freehand surgery of thoraco-lumbar spine (ROBARTHRODESE): study protocol for a single-centre randomized controlled trial
Grade 0
Screw not in facet
Grade 1
Screw in lateral facet but not in facet articulation
Grade 2
Penetration of facet articulation
Grade 3
Screw travels within facet articulation