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Table 1 Gertzbein-Robbins classification of pedicle screw placement

From: Pedicle screw placement accuracy in robot-assisted versus image-guided freehand surgery of thoraco-lumbar spine (ROBARTHRODESE): study protocol for a single-centre randomized controlled trial

Grade A

fully intrapedicular position without breach of the pedicle cortex

Grade B

<2 mm cortical breach

Grade C

2-4 mm cortical breach

Grade D

4-6 mm cortical breach

Grade E

exceeding the pedicle cortex <6 mm or is outside of the pedicle

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Trials

ISSN: 1745-6215