Table 4 Markwalder classification

0

Patient neurologically normal

1

Patient alert and oriented; mild symptoms such as headache; absent or mild neurological deficit, such as reflex asymmetry

2

Patient drowsy or disoriented with variable neurological deficit, such as hemiparesis

3

Patient stuporous but responding appropriately to noxious stimuli; severe focal signs, such as hemiplegia

4

Patient comatose with absent motor responses to painful stimuli; decerebrate or decorticate posturing