Table 5 List of secondary outcomes of interest in the i-MoMCARE trial

Maternal outcomes

 Antenatal care (ANC)

  1. The proportion of mothers completing the first ANC visit timely and those having at least four ANC visits

  2. The proportion of mothers receiving recommended supplements, HIV and syphilis tests, and immunization during ANC visits

  3. The proportion of mothers visited at home or called by VHSGs at least three times during the pregnancy

  4. The proportion of mothers with complications during their last pregnancy and seeking care from health providers or VHSGs

 Delivery

  1. The proportion of mothers delivered by a skilled provider and in a health facility

  2. The proportion of mothers staying at least 3 days at a health facility after delivery for post-delivery care

  3. The proportion of mothers delivering at less than 37 weeks of pregnancy (pre-term delivery)

  4. The proportion of mothers delivering low-birth-weight babies (< 2.5 kg)

  5. The proportion of mothers experiencing complicated delivery

 Postnatal care (PNC)

  1. The proportion of mothers with a postnatal checkup during the first 7 days after delivery by skilled health providers

  2. The proportion of mothers with at least three PNC visits by the 23rd month of delivery

  3. The proportion of mothers receiving counseling about body and hand hygiene, nutrition for the mother, breastfeeding, and risk symptoms for the mother and newborn during PNC visits

  4. The proportion of mothers with complications within the first month of the last delivery and seeking care from skilled health providers or VHSGs

 Neonatal (0–28 days) outcomes

  1. The proportion of neonates breastfed within the first hour of birth

  2. The proportion of neonates examined with the risk symptoms

  3. The proportion of neonates visited and satisfactorily examined by VHSGs during their home visits after delivery

  4. The proportion of mothers receiving satisfactory counseling about neonatal care from skilled health providers after delivery

  5. The proportion of neonates with complications within the first month of the last delivery and seeking care from skilled health providers or VHSGs

 Young infant (2–12 months) outcomes

  1. The proportion of mothers exclusively (≥ 6 months) breastfeeding their child

  2. The proportion of young infants receiving recommended vitamin supplements

  3. The proportion of young infants fully vaccinated with basic antigens^a

  4. The proportion of young infants with severe diarrhea and receiving oral rehydration therapy from health providers or VHSGs within the last 2 weeks

  5. The proportion of young infants with acute respiratory infections/fever and receiving care from health providers or VHSGs within the last 2 weeks

  6. The proportion of young infants receiving growth monitoring checkups and follow-ups

 Young child (13–24 months) outcomes

  1. The proportion of mothers continuously (beyond 6 months) breastfeeding their child

  2. The proportion of mothers receiving birth-spacing advice from skilled health providers

  3. The proportion of young children fully vaccinated according to the national schedule^b

  4. The proportion of stunted, wasted, and underweighted children (under 2 years) (will be captured by anthropometric measures)

 Process indicators

  1. The proportion of days VHSGs and HC staff logging in to i-MoMCARE mobile phone and web-based application, respectively (login rate)

  2. The proportion of scheduled tasks completed by VHSGs and HC staff in i-MoMCARE mobile phone and web-based application, respectively (task completion rate)

  3. Number of pregnancies and births registered using mobile phones against the total number of pregnancies and births

  4. Number of complicated maternal, newborn, and child cases identified against expected

  5. Stock-out rate (proportion of times when a drug or equipment is unavailable when required, e.g., non-availability of antibiotics in case of child pneumonia)