Table 1 High-intensity laser therapy characteristics and parameters

Laser technique specifications

 Wavelength

1.064 nm

 Output power

12 W

 Beam divergency

35°

 Emission mode

Continuous or pulsed

 Frequency (only for pulsed mode)

1–100 Hz (fixed duty cycle 25%)

 Spacer

30 mm

 Spot size

3.14 cm²

Laser treatment parameters for each side

 Peak power (W)

Phase 1: 12 W

Phase 2: 4 W

Phase 3: 6 W

 Emission mode

Phase 1: continuous mode (duty cycle 100%)

Phase 2: pulsed mode at 100 Hz (duty cycle 25%)

Phase 3: continuous mode (duty cycle 100%)

 Mean power (W)

Phase 1: 12 W

Phase 2: 1 W per point

Phase 3: 6 W

 Application technique

Phase 1: contact, manual scan for 100 cm²

Phase 2: contact, punctual technique for 6 points per side

Phase 3: contact, manual scan for 100 cm²

 Application angle

90°, perpendicular to the skin

 Power density (W/cm²)

Phase 1: 0.038 W/cm²

Phase 2: 0.31 W/cm²

Phase 3: 0.019 W/cm²

 Treatment time (sec)

Phase 1: 42 s

Phase 2: 10 s per point (60 s for 6 points)

Phase 3: 83 s

 Energy density (J/cm²)

Phase 1: 5 J/ cm²

Phase 2: 3.1 J/ cm² per point

Phase 3: 5 J/c cm²

 Energy delivered per side (J)

Phase 1: 500 J

Phase 2: 60 J

Phase 3: 500 J

Total per side = 1.060 J