Table 2 Severity grade according to the Clavien–Dindo definition [27]

I

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological intervention

II

Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those allowed for grade I complications

III

Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention

IIIa

Intervention not under general anaesthesia

IIIb

Intervention under general anaesthesia

IV

Lifer-threatening complication. Requiring intensive care unit management

IVa

Single-organ dysfunction

IVb

Multiorgan dysfunction

V

Death of patient