Table 1 Definition of the secondary endpoints
Secondary endpoint | Definition and assessment of outcomes |
|---|---|
Operative time | Time from beginning to end of operation |
Mortality | Death due to any cause until 90 days after the operation and the reason |
Morbidity | Postoperative complications will be recorded until 90 days after operation. The severity of complications will be graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification [27] |
Blood loss | Total blood loss during the operation |
Intraoperative blood transfusion | Massive haemorrhage with hemoglobin level < 7 g/dl or Hct < 22 |
Postoperative hospital stay | Time from the day of operation until discharge(days) |
Post-hepatectomy haemorrhage | Evidence of blood loss from drains and/or nasogastric tube, based on ultrasonography, as defined by ISGPS (grade A, B, or C) [20] |
Biliary leak | Bilirubin concentration in the drain fluid at least three times the serum bilirubin concentration as defined as ISGLS (grade A, B or C) [19] |
Post-hepatectomy liver failure | The impaired ability of the liver to maintain its synthetic, excretory, and detoxifying functions, which are characterized by an increased international normalized ratio and concomitant hyperbilirubinemia (according to the normal limits of the local laboratory) on or after postoperative day 5 as defined as ISGLS (grade A, B, or C) [21] |
Intraabdominal fluid collection | Collection of fluid measuring ≥ 3 cm associated with clinical or laboratory abnormalities |
Pneumonia | Presence of a new infiltrate on chest X-ray, as well as following: body temperature > 38℃, abnormal elevation of WBC, or positive sputum, and requiring antibiotic treatment |
Wound infection | Surgical site infection associated with laparotomy that develops during the initial hospital stay |
Abdominal rupture | Dehiscence of abnormal closure with need for resuture of the laparotomy during the initial hospital stay |
Total hospitalization expenses | Hospital costs from admission to discharge ($) |
Recurrence of calculus | Calculi in the intrahepatic duct within 3 months after hepatectomy are defined as residual stones [22] |