Table 2 Cumulative incidence of events of interest in the control arms of a selection of trials. For a given C-index of a prognostic covariate, the impact of covariate adjustment will be larger for indications with large cumulative incidence of events. HR+, hormone receptor positive; PD-L1+, programmed death ligand 1 positive; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
From: More efficient and inclusive time-to-event trials with covariate adjustment: a simulation study
Indication | Trial | Cumulative incidence \(\Lambda\) in control arm |
|---|---|---|
HR+ early breast cancer (eBC) | BIG 1-98 [32] Letrozole vs tamoxifen | Probability of disease recurrence at 5 years: 18.6% |
HCC after resection of local ablation (eHCC) | STORM [25] Sorafenib vs placebo | Probability of death at 5 years: 32% |
Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer | ENZAMET [33] Enzalutamide vs standard nonsteroidal antiandrogen therapy in addition to testosterone suppression | Probability of death at 4 years: 36% |
PD-L1+ advanced NSCLC | KEYNOTE-024 [34] Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy | Probability of death at 1.5 years: 50% |
HR+ metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal patients (mBC) | MONALEESA-7 [35] Ribociclib vs placebo in addition to endocrine therapy | Probability of death at 3.5 years: 54% |
Resected pancreatic cancer | PRODIGE 24 [36] Modified FOLFIRINOX vs gemcitabine | Probability of death at 5 years: 70% |
Advanced HCC (aHCC) | CheckMate 459 [37] Nivolumab vs sorafenib | Probability of death at 3 years: 83% |
Malignant pleural mesothelioma | CheckMate 743 [38] Nivolumab+Ipilimumab vs chemotherapy | Probability of death at 3 years: 85% |
Metastatic pancreatic cancer | OXIPAN [39] FOLFIRINOX vs gemcitabine | Probability of death at 3 years: 98% |