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Table 2 Effect of intervention on outcomes—per-protocol sample

From: Comparing the effects of breastfeeding in the laid-back and cradle position upon the experiences of primiparous women: a parallel randomized clinical trial

Variables

Intervention group (n = 81)

Control group (n = 71)

MDb (CIc 95%)

ESd (between)

eP-value (between groups)

Mean (SDa)

Mean (SDa)

Maternal concerns

 Time 1

6.38 (1.347)

6.00 (1.276)

0.383 (− 0.039 to 0.805)

0.289

0.075

 Time 2

6.38 (1.538)

6.04 (1.367)

0.340 (− 0.129 to 0.810)

0.233

0.154

 Time 3

6.73 (2.110)

6.41 (1.793)

0.320 (0.312 to 0.952)

0.163

0.319

eP-value (within groups)

0.171

0.1

 

Breast concerns

 Time 1

4.38 (0.815)

4.38 (0.763)

0.002 (− 0.252 to 0.257)

0

0.985

 Time 2

5.31 (1.158)

5.62 (1.438)

 − 0.311 (− 0.727 to 0.105)

0.239

0.142

 Time 3

4.84 (1.101)

4.66 (1.146)

0.178 (− 0.183 to 0.538)

0.16

0.332

P-value (within groups)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

P-value (two by two comparisons, times 1–2, 1–3, 2–3)

 < 0.001,0.015,0.013

 < 0.001, 0.266, < 0.001

Milk insufficiency concerns

 Time 1

5.46 (2.515)

5.27 (2.164)

0.189 (− 0.568 to 0.947)

0.081

0.622

 Time 2

3.83 (1.523)

4.21 (1.621)

 − 0.384 (− 0.888 to 0.120)

0.242

0.134

 Time 3

3.99 (1.714)

3.94 (1.539)

0.044 (− 0.481 to 0.569)

0.031

0.869

P-value (within groups)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

P-value (two by two comparisons, times 1–2, 1–3, 2–3)

 < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.907

 < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.174

Neonatal concerns

 Time 1

5.37 (1.854)

5.21 (1.638)

0.159 (− 0.405 to 0.723)

0.091

0.578

 Time 2

4.73 (1.285)

4.69 (1.077)

0.038 (− 0.345 to 0.421)

0.034

0.844

 Time 3

4.60 (1.169)

4.30 (0.595)

0.309 (0.005 to 0.613)

0.317

0.046

P-value (within groups)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

P-value (two by two comparisons, times 1–2, 1–3, 2–3)

0.007, 0.001, 1.000

0.021, < 0.001, 0.002

Process concerns

 Time 1

3.30 (1.112)

3.32 (1.039)

 − 0.028 (− 0.374 to 0.319)

0.019

0.875

 Time 2

5.22 (1.323)

4.75 (1.421)

0.476 (0.036 to 0.916)

0.343

0.034

 Time 3

5.32 (1.499)

4.92 (1.592)

0.405 (− 0.090 to 0.901)

0.259

0.108

P-value (within groups)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

P-value (two by two comparisons, times 1–2, 1–3, 2–3)

 < 0.001, < 0.001, 1.000

 < 0.001, < 0.001, 1.000

Breastfeeding experience

 Time 1

26.07 (4.533)

25.42 (3.315)

0.652 (− 0.637 to 1.940)

0.162

0.319

 Time 2

26.85 (3.812)

26.68 (3.872)

0.176 (− 1.058 to 1.409)

0.044

0.779

 Time 3

26.65 (4.632)

25.41 (4.05)

1.246 (− 0.158 to 2.649)

0.284

0.081

P-value (within groups)

0.248

0.016

 
  1. aStandard deviation
  2. bMean difference
  3. cConfidence interval
  4. dEffect size (ES) based on Cohen’s d
  5. eP-value < 0.05 considerd significant
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ISSN: 1745-6215