Table 1 Components of typical BSM session
Component/topic | Description/example therapist prompts |
|---|---|
Short- and long-term goals | Â |
Identifying goals | What are your goals for this month…for the next 5 years? What would you like to have accomplished? |
Requirements to achieve goals | What would you need to do to achieve those goals? |
Relation between OUD and goals | Examine the potential role of illicit opioid use in jeopardizing these goals |
Reward bundling | Aggregate global day-to-day choices and activities into cumulative, cohesive patterns that relate to personally relevant long-term health or social outcomes. A behavior with immediate but low reward value (i.e., taking a daily dose of buprenorphine-naloxone) in the short term may have higher reward value when it is framed as part of a pattern of achieving a valued long-term outcome (i.e., steady employment at a desired job) |
Episodic future thinking | An experiential intervention that prompts individuals to describe personal, emotional, and situational details of a valued future outcome in great detail (e.g., what it would be like to regain family trust or get a career-job) |
Substance-free activities | Participants will be offered a menu of substance-free activities that has been developed in pilot work. Activities will be discussed, and participants will be asked to engage in selected activities as homework. Engagement in substance-free activities will be assessed at each subsequent visit |
SOBER | Stop and see what happens Observe physical sensations and emotion regulation changes in the body Breathe by deliberately bringing attention to the breath Describe to the participant how to breathe in through their nose and out through their mouth slowly Expand awareness of the situation Respond mindfully (versus reacting) |