Table 1 Sociodemographics and psychiatric comorbidities of Veterans receiving antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder 2007–2015

Race/ethnicity

Black Hispanic

806 (0.7)

573 (0.6)

646 (0.7)

 < .0001

Black not Hispanic

39,373 (32.9)

29,182 (32.4)

31,434 (33.7)

White Hispanic

7093 (5.9)

5277 (5.9)

5816 (6.2)

White not Hispanic

58,693 (49.1)

44,603 (49.5)

46,456 (49.7)

Other Hispanic

13,26 (1.1)

892 (1.0)

1061 (1.1)

Other not Hispanic

12,274 (10.3)

9567 (10.6)

7991 (8.6)

Marital status

Divorced

35,956 (30.1)

27,080 (30.1)

27,881 (29.9)

 < .0001

Married

26,703 (22.3)

20,126 (22.3)

21,102 (22.6)

Never

44,810 (37.5)

33,988 (37.7)

35,394 (37.9)

Others

12,096 (10.1)

8900 (9.9)

9027 (9.7)

Age

Mean (SD)

56.4 (11.6)

55.3 (10.9)

57.1 (11.9)

0.164*

(0.159–0.169)

 < .0001

Female

N (%)

9348 (7.8)

6303 (7.0)

7656 (8.2)

1.19

(1.17, 1.21)

 < .0001

VA service-connected disability rate

 ≥ 50%

30,542 (25.5)

26,528 (29.4)

23,317 (25.0)

0.80

(0.79, 0.81)

 < .0001

 < 50%

6315 (5.3)

4807 (5.3)

4480 (4.8)

0.89

(0.87, 0.92)

 < .0001

Participated in mental health intensive case management program

Ever in 2007–2015

15,134 (12.7)

9615 (10.7)

10,831 (11.6)

1.10

(1.08, 1.12)

 < .0001

VA mental clinic visits

(stop code 500–599)

Annualized

mean (SD)

24.6 (37.7)

28.0 (47.2)

31.6 (47.1)

0.078*

(0.069, 0.087)

 < .0001

Deaths

N (%)

17,758 (14.9)

5628 (6.3)

7269 (7.8)

1.27 (1.22, 1.31)

 < .0001

Inpatient diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective

34,534 (28.9)

19,639 (21.8)

18,304 (19.6)

0.87 (0.86, 0.89)

 < .0001

History of mental health disorders

Alcohol use disorder

47,333 (39.6)

35,753 (39.7)

38,461 (41.2)

1.06 (1.05, 1.07)

 < .0001

Drug use disorder

48,786 (40.8)

36,107 (40.1)

39,903 (42.7)

1.12 (1.10, 1.13)

 < .0001

Substance use disorder

61,346 (51.3)

45,870 (50.9)

49,828 (53.3)

1.10 (1.09, 1.11)

 < .0001

Other mental health diagnoses

11,475 (9.6)

8196 (9.1)

9631 (10.3)

1.15 (1.13, 1.17)

 < .0001

Bipolar

36,863 (30.8)

27,732 (30.8)

30,786 (33.0)

1.11 (1.10, 1.12)

 < .0001

Major

34,782 (29.1)

24,744 (27.5)

28,525 (30.5)

1.16 (1.15, 1.17)

 < .0001

Dysthymia

65,828 (55.1)

47,903 (53.2)

53,638 (57.4)

1.19 (1.18, 1.20)

 < .0001

PTSD

37,649 (31.5)

27,041 (30.0)

30,923 (33.1)

1.15 (1.14, 1.17)

 < .0001

Anxiety

49,023 (41.0)

35,486 (39.4)

40,553 (43.4)

1.18 (1.17, 1.19)

 < .0001

Adjustment

21,980 (18.4)

15,125 (16.8)

17,803 (19.1)

1.17 (1.15, 1.18)

 < .0001

Personality

22,321 (18.7)

16,729 (18.6)

18,208 (19.5)

1.06 (1.05, 1.07)

 < .0001

Any psychiatric comorbidity

114,924 (96.1)

87,587 (97.2)

91,401 (97.9)

1.31 (1.26, 1.35)

 < .0001

Alzheimer’s

2017 (1.7)

1653 (1.8)

1274 (1.4)

0.76 (0.74, 0.78)

 < .0001

Dementia

6562 (5.5)

5417 (6.0)

4330 (4.6)

0.74 (0.71, 0.77)

 < .0001

Traumatic brain injury

7966 (6.7)

5417 (6.0)

6742 (7.2)

1.22 (1.19, 1.24)

 < .0001

More than 1 comorbidity listed above

84,916 (71.0)

62,911 (69.8)

68,782 (73.6)

1.21 (1.19, 1.22)

 < .0001