Table 2 Example vaccine uptake app components and HBM domains/vaccine hesitancy issues addressed
Vaccine Uptake App Component | Example Componenta | HBM domain | NIH CEAL Known Barrier/Concern |
|---|---|---|---|
Push Notifications, to include: -Behavioral nudges -Alerts to information about the vaccine in general -Clinic-specific information on vaccine issues | “Your child’s COVID-19 vaccine is available at [insert clinic name]. To schedule your appointment, touch here.” Links to local clinic’s appointment making resource “Did you know that over xx million children have received the COVID-19 vaccine? Hear from parents why they chose to vaccinate their children.” (Links to Vignette) “More than xx children have received the vaccine at your clinic. Click here to schedule your child’s vaccine appointment today.” “[Organization] is providing free rides to [insert vaccination site]. Click here for more information.” “COVID cases in children in your area are increasing. Protect your child with the vaccine today. Click here to schedule your appointment.” | Perceived barriers to vaccination Cues to action Psychological characteristics (peer group pressure) Perceived benefits Susceptibility to disease | Access issues/questions Do I need to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine? |
Vaccine Access Pathway (“Find your child’s COVID-19 vaccine”) | Information about local events for vaccination; information about free rides to a vaccination site; links to schedule vaccine visits | Perceived barriers to vaccination Cues to action Access to care Psychological characteristics | Do I need an ID to get COVID-19 vaccine for my child? Do I (my child) have to be a legal resident to get COVID-19 vaccine? Do I need proof of insurance to get the COVID-19 vaccine for my child? Do I need to provide personal identifying information (address, phone number, etc.) to get my child vaccinated? |
Vignettes/step-wise decision support. Will include: -Relatable storytelling -Testimonials from local staff/leaders | Vignette: Taking your teenager to get vaccinated Vignette: Why I vaccinated my child Vignette: Parent of child with COVID-19/MISC. Their story Vignette: Provider testimonial (trusted messenger) on long COVID/MISC and the choice to vaccinate their own children Vignette: School outbreak, from the perspective of teachers/students/parents Vignette: Student athlete who got COVID Vignette: Protecting a vulnerable family member | Health motivation Safety/perceived severity of effects from the vaccine Psychological characteristics Perceived benefits Perceived susceptibility Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 Psychological characteristics Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 Perceived benefits of the vaccine Health motivation Cues to action Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 Perceived benefits of the vaccine Cues to action Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 Perceived benefits of the vaccine Psychological characteristics Perceived benefits of the vaccine Health motivation Cues to action | Does the COVID-19 vaccine impact fertility? How effective is the COVID-19 vaccine? Does COVID-19 cause disease in children? Is it worse than the flu? Are COVID-19 vaccines safe? How were COVID-19 vaccines developed? Does COVID-19 infect children aren’t they too healthy to get sick? Is natural immunity just as good as getting vaccinated? Does receiving the vaccine give you COVID-19? If you are vaccinated, then why do I have to get vaccinated? |
Customization for clinic site | Clinic logos/colors Clinic location/contact information Links to clinic’s website and appointment-making tools Clinic-specific vaccination events (when applicable) | Perceived barriers to vaccination Psychological characteristics Cues to action (trusted organization) Health motivation (trusted organization) | Questions around trust and trusted messengers |
Customization for participant socio-demographics | Vignette pictures/content adjusted for race, ethnicity, language, and/or rurality | Psychological characteristics Susceptibility to disease Benefits of vaccination Health motivation | Does the vaccine work for people like my child? Has the vaccine been tested in people like my child? |
Self-directed learning pathways | COVID-19 by the numbers (stats and pictographs) Natural immunity vs vaccination Frequently asked questions about COVID-19 | Susceptibility/severity of infection Benefits of vaccination Benefits of vaccination Susceptibility/severity of infection Potentially multiple avenues, depending upon user motivation to access information | Various questions, concerns, and misinformation topics, with focus on topics from CEAL, CDC, and qualitative interviews |