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Table 1 Comparison between four study arms in a pilot study

From: The effects of an integrated mindfulness-based tai chi chuan programme on sleep disturbance among community-dwelling elderly people: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Variable

MBI group (n = 22)

TCC group (n = 23)

MBTCC group (n = 10)

SHE group (n = 21)

Effect size (MBI vs SHE), Cohen’s d

Effect size (TCC vs SHE), Cohen’s d

Effect size (MBTCC vs SHE), Cohen’s d

Effect Size (MBI vs TCC), Cohen’s d

Pre, mean (SD)

Post, mean (SD)

Pre, mean (SD)

Post, mean (SD)

Pre, mean (SD)

Post, mean (SD)

Pre, mean (SD)

Post, mean (SD)

ISI

17.27 (3.69)

15.64 (3.44)

17.22 (3.59)

15.70 (3.21)

17.10 (3.35)

14.40 (3.10)

16.95 (3.28)

16.90 (3.55)

− 0.44

− 0.42

− 0.78

− 0.03

SF12 (Phy)

11.05 (2.75)

11.55 (2.06)

11.48 (2.88)

12.91 (2.91)

11.90 (2.60)

13.90 (2.23)

12.76 (3.39)

12.52 (3.27)

0.24

0.52

0.69

− 0.32

SF12 (Men)

16.18 (3.66)

18.05 (3.75)

16.09 (3.40)

16.96 (3.05)

17.40 (3.20)

19.50 (3.21)

17.67 (3.90)

17.95 (3.50)

0.41

0.16

0.48

0.28

RRQ

3.06 (.79)

2.61 (.77)

2.89 (.88)

2.79 (.78)

3.23 (1.03)

2.68 (.84)

3.13 (.83)

3.10 (.66)

− 0.51

− 0.08

− 0.57

− 0.41

HS

62.23 (6.75)

57.59 (6.29)

61.39 (6.89)

53.52 (6.90)

64.00 (5.94)

54.70 (6.93)

63.29 (5.88)

61.48 (6.77)

− 0.44

− 0.93

− 1.24

0.47

  1. MBI mindfulness-based intervention, TCC Tai Chi Chuan, MBTCC mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan, SHE sleep hygiene education, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, SF12 (Phy) Chinese (HK) Short Form 12 – Physical health, SF12 (Men) Chinese (HK) Short Form 12 – Mental health, RRQ Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire, HS hyperarousal scale