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Table 3 RE-AIM framework implementation outcomes used to evaluate the ICOPE program implementation

From: Improving the management of chronic pain, opioid use, and opioid use disorder in older adults: study protocol for I-COPE study

Framework dimension

Outcome

Reach

• # and % of eligible patients who complete the pre-visit questionnaire

• # and % of eligible PCPs who use the I-COPE order set

• # and % of PCPs participating in ECHO-Chicago

Effectiveness

• Change in a variety of recommended pain treatments

• Change in prescribing of higher-risk pain treatments (opioids and Beer’s criteria medications)

• Change in pain scores

 o % with chronic pain diagnoses and high initial pain scores (≥ 6) who experience a 30% reduction in scores in 6 months

• Change in safe opioid prescribing practices

 o Annual drug screens in a patient with chronic opioid use

 o Naloxone prescribing in patients with > 50 MME equivalents of opioids or OUD

 o Co-prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines

• Change in self-efficacy and practice behaviors for ECHO-Chicago participants

Adoption

• # and % of clinics who use the I-COPE Program

Implementation

• # and % of eligible patients who received all I-COPE tools (pre-visit questionnaire and order set use)

• # and % of PCPs who participated in ECHO-Chicago and attended all eight sessions

Maintenance

• Outcomes listed above at 12 months

  1. Abbreviation: PCP primary care providers, ECHO-Chicago Extension for Community Health Outcomes-Chicago, MME morphine milligram equivalents, OUD opioid use disorder, I-COPE Improving Chicago Older Adult Opioid and Pain Management Through Patient-centered Clinical Decision Support and Project ECHO®