Table 2 Details of the TCM-eCBT-I interventions

Session 1: Sleep health education

Standard behavioral guidelines for lifestyle and environmental factors related to insomnia: [1] avoid drinking excitable drinks, such as coffee and strong tea, in the afternoon [2]; avoid drinking alcohol before going to sleep [3]; avoid eating too much before going to sleep [4]; keep the bedroom quiet and dark [5]; keep the room temperature appropriate [6]; regular exercise.

Push instructions in the form of the sleep management manual at fixed time daily. Record treatment participation by daily clock-in.

Session 2: Sleep cognition

Reduce excessive expectations and demand for sleep, correct one’s own bad suggestion, dispel the idea of controlling the sleep process, and weaken the excessive self-attention.

Session 3: Sleep restriction

Estimate the actual sleep time according to last week’s sleep status: sleep efficiency more than 85%, increase sleep time by 15 min next week. Sleep efficiency is 80.00~84.99%, keep the sleep time next week unchanged. Sleep efficiency less than 80%, reduce sleep time by 15 min next week.

Session 4: Baduanjin exercise

Reference to the new standing Baduanjin exercise

Guide the patients to exercise the Baduanjin exercise at home through online text animation and teaching video on the TCM insomnia system. Record treatment participation by daily clock-in.

Session 5: Five-element music

The music is selected from the Five Elements of Tian Yun published by the Beijing Higher Education Audio-visual Press. According to the classification of the patient’s condition, select music from the five tunes of Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, and Yu.

Five-element music is played online through the TCM insomnia system before going to bed. Meditation relaxation training is performed while playing music. Record treatment participation by daily clock-in.