Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants (n = 182)

Age (years), median (Q1–Q3)

50.00 (34.00–59.00)

Sex, n (%)

 Male

147 (80.77%)

 Female

35 (19.23%)

Pupil changes, n (%)

 No

68 (37.36%)

 Yes

114 (62.64%)

GCS before surgery, n (%)

 3 or 4

51 (28.02%)

 5 or 6

83 (45.60%)

 7 or 8

48 (26.37%)

APCHE II score before surgery, mean (SD)

28.73 ± 2.40

Blood glucose before surgery (mmol/L), mean (SD)

19.08 ± 2.25

GHb before surgery, %, mean (SD)

5.83 ± 0.96

CSF glucose during surgery (mmol/L), mean (SD)

5.26 ± 0.81

CSF LA during surgery (mmol/L), mean (SD)

4.06 ± 0.67

Average blood glucose level (mmol/L), mean (SD)

9.05 ± 2.68