Measuring implementation fidelity in a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial: development and use of a quantitative multi-component approach

Table 1 Characteristics of nursing homes implementing the Music & Memory program

	Intervention Nursing Homes (n = 27)
	Mean (SD)
Resident composition and acuity^a
Female (%)	65.4 (10.9)
Black (%)	22.3 (25.7)
Moderate or severe cognitive impairment (%)	64.1 (11.8)
Any antipsychotic use (%)	17.9 (8.6)
Total ADL score^b	16.7 (1.7)
Nursing home characteristics
Total beds (#)	101.5 (42.3)
Alzheimer’s unit (%)	23.1 (43.0)
CMS^c 5-Star Quality Rating^d	3.5 (1.4)
Medicaid as primary payer (%)^e	58.8 (25.6)
Medicare as primary payer (%)	11.2 (7.0)
Other/Self-pay (%)	30.1 (26.4)
Registered nurse hours per resident day (#)	0.3 (0.2)
Licensed practical nurse hours per resident day (#)	0.9 (0.3)

^aAll data represent facility-level characteristics at baseline
^bDescribes ability of resident to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Higher scores indicate more dependence on staff (range 7–28) [39].
^cCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services
^dScore ranges from 1 to 5 stars, with five stars indicating the highest quality nursing homes [31]
^eIn the US, Medicare is a health insurance program for citizens aged 65 years and older. Medicare does not provide coverage for long-term care but does provide payment for qualified short-term rehabilitation after hospitalization. Medicaid is a health program for qualified people of all ages related to disability, income, or disease. Medicaid does provide long-term care, and the payment is generally well below that of Medicare. From the nursing home perspective, Medicare is a payor of choice [40]

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