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Table 8 Change-over-time results (cognitive dual-task performance and cognitive-motor interference)

From: Walking-adaptability therapy after stroke: results of a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

(n: CT, FP)

CT and FP

Change over time, both groups (mean difference, p value, effect size)

10MWT cognitive (sub/s)

T0 (14,16)

0.47 ± 0.24

T1 (14,16)

0.52 ± 0.24

0.05, 0.01, 0.49

T2 (12,16)*

0.54 ± 0.24

0.07, 0.00, 0.52

T3 (8,14)*

0.61 ± 0.33

0.14, 0.10, 0.12

10MWT context and cognitive (sub/s)

T0 (14,16)

0.34 ± 0.21

T1 (14,16)

0.42 ± 0.23

0.08, 0.00, 0.56

T2 (12,16)*

0.41 ± 0.18

0.07, 0.00, 0.61

T3 (8,15)*

0.39 ± 0.16

0.05, 0.21, 0.07

IWW obstacles and cognitive (sub/s)

T0 (14,14)*

0.42 ± 0.25

T1 (11,14)*

0.56 ± 0.31

0.14, 0.00, 0.69

T2 (8,13)*

0.42 ± 0.19

0.00, 0.47, 0.16

T3 (5,11)*

0.35 ± 0.14

− 0.7, 0.09, 0.18

Cognitive-motor interference 10MWT (%)

T0 (14,16)

− 4 (− 40–52)

T1 (14,16)

− 6 ± 18

− 2, 0.72, 0.07

T2 (12,16)*

− 2 ± 18

2, 0.55, 0.12

T3 (8,14)*

16 ± 53

20, 0.08, 0.14

Cognitive-motor interference

10MWT context (%)

T0 (14,16)

− 13 (− 45–23)

T1 (12,16)*

− 12 ± 14

1, 0.81, 0.05

T2 (10,16)*

− 7 ± 19

6, 0.25, 0.23

T3 (7,15)*

−8 ± 13

5, 0.51, 0.02

Cognitive-motor interference

IWW obstacles (%)

T0 (14,14)*

− 4 (− 39–223)

T1 (11,14)*

− 14 ± 15

− 10, 0.26, 0.23

T2 (8,13)*

− 10 ± 19

− 6, 0.44, 0.17

T3 (5,10)*

− 21 ± 16

− 17, 0.13, 0.15

  1. Mean difference represents the difference over time at T1, T2, and T3 compared to baseline (T0). p values were obtained using Paired samples t-test. Significant differences are presented in bold (p < 0.05) and tendencies are presented in italic (0.05 < p < 0.075). *Some participants were excluded (see degrees of freedom) due to technical problems with the IWW and/or video footage