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Table 5 Between-group results (cognitive dual-task performance and cognitive-motor interference)

From: Walking-adaptability therapy after stroke: results of a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

(n: CT, FP)

CT

FP

Difference between groups

(mean difference, p value, effect size)

10MWT cognitive (sub/s)

T0 (14,16)

0.43 ± 0.12

0.51 ± 0.31

− 0.08, 0.36, 0.21a

T1–T0 (14,16)

0.09 ± 0.10

0.02 ± 0.09

0.07, 0.06, 0.13b

T2–T0 (12,16)*

0.09 ± 0.07

0.05 ± 0.14

0.04, 0.59, 0.01b

T3–T0 (8,14)*

0.10 ± 0.08

0.04 ± 0.19

0.06, 0.88, 0.00b

10MWT context and cognitive (sub/s)

T0 (14,16)

0.31 ± 0.15

0.37 ± 0.25

− 0.07, 0.36, 0.18a

T1–T0 (14,16)

0.11 ± 0.11

0.06 ± 0.12

0.05, 0.28, 0.04b

T2–T0 (12,16)*

0.08 ± 0.08

0.05 ± 0.08

0.03, 0.33, 0.04b

T3–T0 (8,15)*

0.06 ± 0.07

0.03 ± 0.18

0.03, 0.59, 0.01b

IWW obstacles and cognitive (sub/s)

T0 (14,14)*

0.33 ± 0.12

0.51 ± 0.31

0.19, 0.05, 0.46a

T1–T0 (11,14)*

0.15 ± 0.14

0.12 ± 0.15

0.03, 0.40, 0.03 b

T2–T0 (8,13)*

0.02 ± 0.08

0.04 ± 0.14

− 0.02, 0.58, 0.02b

T3–T0 (5,11)*

0.05 ± 0.14

− 0.22 ± 0.30

0.27, 0.16, 0.13b

Cognitive-motor interference 10MWT (%)

T0 (14,16)

− 6 (− 28 to − 1)

− 1(− 40–52)

9, 0.03, 0.39c

T1–T0 (14,16)

3 ± 22

− 5 ± 20

8, 0.83, 0.00b

T2–T0 (12,16)*

3 ± 14

2 ± 22

1, 0.58, 0.01b

T3–T0 (8,14)*

34 ± 84

13 ± 26

21, 0.55, 0.02b

Cognitive-motor interference

10MWT context (%)

T0 (14,16)

− 15 (− 45–23)

− 9 (− 36–5)

− 2, 0.48, 0.13c

T1–T0 (12,16)*

− 1 ± 15

2 ± 18

− 3, 0.46, 0.02b

T2–T0 (10,16)*

2 ± 24

7 ± 21

− 5, 0.50, 0.02b

T3–T0 (7,15)*

− 9 ± 17

8 ± 19

− 17, 0.11, 0.13b

Cognitive-motor interference

IWW obstacles (%)

T0 (14,14)*

− 17 (− 39–20)

8 (− 32–223)

25, 0.04, 0.38c

T1–T0 (11,14)*

0 ± 21

− 22 ± 69

22, 0.76, 0.00 b

T2–T0 (8,13)*

6 ± 27

− 20 ± 68

26, 0.62, 0.01b

T3–T0 (5,10)*

− 14 ± 22

− 33 ± 78

19, 0.98, 0.00b

  1. Mean difference represents the difference between groups (CT-FP) at T0 and mean differences in change values at T1, T2, and T3. p values were obtained using aIndependent t-test, bANCOVA with baseline performance as covariate, or cMann-Whitney U test. Significant differences are presented in bold (p < 0.05) and tendencies are presented in italic (0.05 < p < 0.075). *Some participants were excluded (see degrees of freedom) due to technical problems with the IWW and/or video footage