Table 2 Clavien-Dindo classification

Grade 1

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacologic treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiologic interventions. Allowed therapeutic regimens are drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, and diuretics, and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside

Grade 2

Requiring pharmacologic treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included

Grade 3

Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic intervention

 3a

Intervention not under general anesthesia

 3b

Intervention under general anesthesia

Grade 4

Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications) requiring IC/ICU management^a

 4a

Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis)

 4b

Multiple organ dysfunction

Grade 5

Death as a result of complications