Application of virtual reality on non-drug behavioral management of short-term dental procedure in children

Table 2 Anxiety, pain, PS, and time of dental procedure in both groups

	VR^a (n = 60)	TSD^b (n = 60)	p-value	VR (n = 55)	TSD (n = 49)	p-value
Anxiety
CFSS-DS^c
Pre-intervention (T0)	34.17 ± 5.81	34.08 ± 8.42	0.95	33.15 ± 4.82	31.45 ± 5.97	0.11
Post-intervention (T3)	24.77 ± 6.98	27.98 ± 7.41	0.02*	23.34 ± 5.23	25.43 ± 5.20	< 0.05*
Downtrend (T0-T3)	8 (7, 11)	5 (5, 7)	< 0.001*	8 (7, 12)	5 (5, 7)	< 0.001*
FBRS^d
T1	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	0.26	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	0.12
T2	3 (3, 4)	3 (2, 3)	0.02*	3 (3, 4)	3 (3, 3)	0.11
Pain
WBFS^e
T2 (observed)				1.58 ± 1.08	2.86 ± 0.96	< 0.001*
T3 (observed)				1.62 ± 1.13	3.59 ± 1.19	< 0.001*
PS^f (T3, score 0–100)				88.33 ± 7.15	76.78 ± 8.49	< 0.001*
Length of dental procedure (m)
T1 to T3				19.02 ± 5.32	27.80 ± 10.40	< 0.001*
Caries treatment				19 (16, 22)	30 (25, 30)	< 0.001*
Extraction of deciduous teeth				14.75 ± 2.77	19.93 ± 9.01	0.07
Incision of abscess				22.40 ± 3.89	26.09 ± 6.80	0.15
Root canal therapy				23.57 ± 4.39	42.43 ± 8.40	< 0.001*

^aVR virtual reality group
^bTSD tell-show-do group
^cCFSS-DS Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale
^dFBRS Frankl Behavior Rating Scale
^eWBFS Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
^fPS Patient satisfaction
T0, signature of informed consent statement; T1, before intervention; T2, the moment of local anesthetic injection; T3, the end of treatment
*p-value < 0.05 statistically significant

ISSN: 1745-6215