Table 1 General information of two groups of patients (n = 64)

Age

69.28±7.04

72.06±6.91

0.116^a

Gender (man/woman), n

22/10

24/8

0.578^b

BMI

21.73±3.28

23.02±2.98

0.103^a

Education level (years)

6.41±3.87

6.63±3.60

0.816^a

Mode of residence

0.637^c

Living alone

3

2

Living with spouse

14

18

Living with children

15

12

History of surgery, n (0/1/2)

14/14/4

19/9/4

0.416^c

Preoperative drugs(0/1/2/3/4/5), n

12/12/6/1/1/0

13/11/3/0/3/2

0.481^c

Smoking index level, n

0.968^c

Smoking index = 0

11

12

0 < smoking index < 200

10

8

200 ≤ smoking index ≤ 400

8

8

Smoking index > 400

3

4

Drinking, n (yes/no)

18/14

16/16

0.616^b

Exercise time per week (h)

0.791^c

 0–3.4

19

17

 3.5–6.9

6

6

 7–10.4

5

8

 ≥ 10.5

2

1

Preoperative frailty

4.09±2.91

4.28±2.04

0.766^a

ASA (II/III), n

13/19

18/14

0.211^b

Operation type (1/2/3/4/5/6), n

12/7/0/3/0/10

12/12/8/2/5/1/4

0.306^c

Operation duration

2.67±0.78

2.65±0.76

0.916^a

Anesthesia duration

3.33±0.99

3.22±0.90

0.667^a