Table 1 Participant inclusion, exclusion and withdrawal criteria

· Patients of both sexes attending the clinic with periodontal disease

· Over the age 19 (no upper age restriction)

· Be able to provide informed, written, or verbal consent

· Demonstrating HbA1c levels greater than 8% in the previous 3 months

· Chronic GI conditions (e.g., colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease) and infections

· Current or previous use of antibiotics for management of non-periodontal conditions within the past 4 weeks

· Individuals who cannot stop taking laxatives, prebiotics, probiotics and/or fiber supplements 2 weeks prior to the start of the intervention and for the duration of the study

· Smokers and/or cannabis users

· Pregnant or lactating

· Patients with severe periodontal disease that require antibiotics with ST as part of their treatment

· Patients who do not show for Visit II or Visit III