Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for SiFAr-Stress

- Age 65 years or older

- Living in the area Nuremberg-Fürth-Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany

- Ability to come to training locations on their own bicycle, having a suitable helmet

- Participant is either:

1) a beginner with the e-bike

2) self-reported insecurity while cycling

3) a re-entrant in cycling

- willingness to give biological samples

- Long-term, experienced cyclists without subjectively reported limitations or worries when cycling

- Diseases that contradict safe participation in the intervention (e.g., myocardial infarction within the last 6 months, unstable angina pectoris, cerebrovascular event, serious cancer diagnosis, serious neurological diseases like Parkinson, dementia, and other serious new diagnoses)

- Other factors that prevent regular and safe participation in the intervention (e.g., prolonged holidays during the training period, alcoholism)

- Severe visual impairments that cannot be sufficiently compensated by a visual aid