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Table 2 Composition and polyherbal decoction ingredients of Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK)) as per Siddha Formulary of India Guidelines [21]

From: Efficacy of two siddha polyherbal decoctions, Nilavembu Kudineer and Kaba Sura Kudineer, along with standard allopathy treatment in the management of mild to moderate symptomatic COVID-19 patients—a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

S. no

Botanical name

Siddha name

Family

Part used

Parts

1

Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

Chukku

Zingiberaceae

Rhizome

1 part

2

Piper longum L.

Milagu

Piperaceae

Fruit

1 part

3

Syzygium aromaticum (L,) &L.M Perry

Kirambu

Myrtaceae

Flower bud

1 part

4

Anacyclus pyrethrum L.

Akkarakaram

Asteraceae

Rhizome

1 part

5

Tragia involucrate L.

Siru kanjori

Euphorbiaceae

Leaves

1 part

6

Solanumanguivi Lam

Karimulli

Solanaceae

Leaves

1 part

7

Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.)

Kadukkai

Combretaceae

Fruit rind

1 part

8

Justicia adathoda Linn.

Adathoda

Acanthaceae

Leaves

1 part

9

Anisochilus carnosus (L.f) Wall, ex Benth

Karpoora valli

Lamiaceae

Whole plant

1 part

10

Costus speciosus (J.Koing)Sm

Koshtam

Costaceae

Rhizome

1 part

11

Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers,

Seenthil

Menispermaceae

Whole plant

1 part

12

Clerodendrum serratum (L.)

Siru Theku

Verbanaceae

Leaves

1 part

13

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)

Nilavembu

Acanthaceae

Whole plant

1 part

14

Cyperus rotundus L.

Korai Kilanku

Cyperaceae

Rhizome

1 part

15

Sida acuta (Burm.f.)

Sitramutti

Malvaceae

Whole plant

1 part

  1. Procurement and preparation: NVK and KSK were procured from the GMP certified pharmacy (Central Pharmacy – CCRS, Chennai). A 5-mg coarse powder of NVK or KSK was boiled in 240 ml of water and reduced to one fourth (60ml), followed by filtration, to obtain NVK or KSK decoctions