Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the Brain in Motion II trial

• Men and women aged 50–80 years (inclusive)

• Inactive (engagement < 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous exercise)

• Subjective cognitive symptoms but no dementia^a

• One or more CVD risk factors for ADRD or family history of ADRD^b

• Female participants must be post-menopausal

• Able to walk independently outside, as well as up and down the stairs of 20 steps

• Presence of dementia (based on the DSM-5 criteria) or severe cognitive deficits (TICS-M score < 20)^a

• Absence of CVD risk factors or family history of ADRD^b

• Diagnosis of severe asthma or COPD (respiratory)

• Presence of a developmental handicap

• Terminal illness (life expectancy < 1 year)

• Not fluent in verbal and written English

• History of stroke or serious cardiovascular condition

• Current participating in another trial

• Comorbid medical or neurological illness that would confound cognitive assessments or make trial completion and unlikely^c

• Contraindication for exercise interventions