Table 2 Principle of inclusion and exclusion criteria

Male or female between the age of 18 and 70 years

Lack of written consent

ASA score ≤ 2

Patients with cognitive impairments and psychiatric diseases

BMI < 32

ASA ≥ 3

Each stage of RA

Preoperative hemoglobin level > 13 g/dL

Preoperative use of crutches

Caregiver presence

Contraindications for the use of spinal anesthesia

No caregiver presence