Consumption of melatonin supplement improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and anthropometric indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Table 1 The characteristics of subjects at baseline

Variable	Control group (n = 25)	Intervention group (n = 25)	p-value*
Age (years)	51.52 ± 6.38	53.64 ± 4.82	0.19
Female/male (N)	18/ 7	16 / 9	0.54**
Disease duration (years)	7.36 ± 2.70	7.92 ± 2.48	0.44
Physical activity (met-min/week)	314.16 ± 165.44	303.64 ± 177.36	0.82
Weight (kg)	72.84 ± 6.70	73.88 ± 8.85	0.64
Height (m)	1.63 ± 0.08	1.64 ± 0.07	0.66
BMI (kg/m²)	27.42 ± 2.01	27.38 ± 2.16	0.94
WC (cm)	102.00 ± 8.45	101.60 ± 10.07	0.88
HC (cm)	107.80 ± 8.69	106.76 ± 10.04	0.69
FBG (mg/dl)	163.44 ± 33.48	172.04 ± 34.18	0.22
SBP (mmHg)	120.80 ± 16.30	124.00 ± 15.27	0.47
DBP (mmHg)	74.80 ± 9.62	74.00 ± 8.66	0.75
MAP (mmHg)	90.13 ± 10.56	90.66 ± 9.90	0.85
PP (mmHg)	46.00 ± 13.22	50.00 ± 11.54	0.26
HDL-c (mg/dl)	42.36 ± 11.10	43.88 ± 7.56	0.57
TG (mg/dl)	141.64 ± 41.47	161.12 ± 48.71	0.13
AIP	0.52 ± 0.18	0.55 ± 0.11	0.42
LAP (cm.mmol.l)	66.68 ± 23.61	77.74 ± 39.57	0.23
ABSI (m^11/6 kg^−2/3)	0.037 ± 0.009	0.037 ± 0.005	0.85
AVI	20.94 ± 3.38	20.84 ± 4.10	0.92
BAI (kg/m²)	32.88 ± 4.31	32.95 ± 5.68	0.96
Conicity	1.40 ± 0.10	1.42 ± 0.08	0.44
Waist-to-height ratio	0.62 ± 0.05	0.61 ± 0.05	0.66

Values are expressed as means ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered as significant
*p < 0.05 was considered as significant using the independent T-test between the two groups at baseline
**p < 0.05 was considered as significant using the Chi-square test
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, FBG fasting blood glucose, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, PP pulse pressure, TG triglyceride, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP atherogenic index of plasma, ABSI a body shape index, AVI abdominal volume index, BAI body adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product

ISSN: 1745-6215