Table 1 Theoretical basis and logic model for how the sensory intervention may impact the person with dementia
Theoretical COM-B domain | Component of the sensory intervention | Behaviour change (B) due to the intervention | Immediate impact of the behaviour change (secondary outcomes of interest) | Intermediate impact of the behaviour change (secondary outcomes of interest) | Primary outcome of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capability (C) (the individual’s psychological and physical capacity to engage in the activity concerned) | Correct visual / auditory impairment | • Hear and see better (HHIE-25;VA-LVVFQ-20) • Uptake and adherence improves (HASK) • Greater understanding /insight of impairments • Dyadic interaction improves (RSS) • Enhanced cognitive stimulation | • Enhanced cognitive functioning (MoCA) • Reduced neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI-12) • Less loneliness in dyad • Enhanced social interactions • Greater independence for person with dementia • Greater companion respite | • Enhanced self-efficacy • Improved communication • Greater functional ability (BADLS) • Reduced apathy (NPI-12) • Relationship satisfaction is higher (RSS) in both person with dementia and companion • Companions health and well-being (SF-12; GHQ-12; FCS; HADS) | • Quality of life in PwD (DEMQoL) |
Training in correct use of hearing aid /glasses with dyad | |||||
Communication Training with dyad | |||||
Home-based functional assessment and tailored interventions to address support care needs enabled | |||||
Opportunity (O) (external factors which impact on the individual’s ability to ‘live well’ with dementia) | Provision of supplementary sensory devices | • Hear and see better (HHIE-25;VA-LVVFQ-20) • Appropriate levels of support from companion | |||
Referral to health and social care services | • Uptake of health and social care services • Uptake of social/hobby/ interest opportunities • Enhanced cognitive stimulation • Achievement of set goals | ||||
Referral to social/hobby/interest activities | |||||
Motivation (M) (in dementia, apathy and loss of motivation is prevalent and may make behavioural change difficult) | Individualised goal setting | ||||
Referral to social/hobby/ interest activities | • Enhanced uptake and adherence of sensory aids and suggested social opportunities • Uptake of meaningful and enjoyable social/hobby/interest activities |