Table 1 Inclusion criteria of the CITRIP study

1. Chronic intractable pain that lasts at least 3 months and refractory to the conservative therapies, including oral medications, nerve block, epidural corticosteroids, physical and psychological rehabilitation therapy, and chiropractic care

2. Participant’s age is over 18

3. Participants with good compliance and can complete post-operative follow-up

4. Participants can understand the method and sign the informed consent