Table 4 Included process evaluation studies
Reference(s) | Description of process evaluation | Methodology and data collection methods | Intervention or trial processes | Process evaluation components | Labelled as process evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ball 2018 [22] | Investigated the effect of mild cognitive impairment in participants on intervention outcome | Quantitative Trial dataset | Intervention | Contextual moderators | No |
Clark 2015 [23] | Explored patient perceptions of the acceptability of intervention in both groups, and motivations for agreeing or refusing to participate in the trial | Qualitative Interviews | Intervention and trial | Participant responses Reach Contextual moderators Unintended consequences Causal mechanisms in context | No |
Grubbs 2015 [24] | Investigated which factors predicted patient uptake of an element of the intervention found to mediate the primary outcome | Quantitative Medical record review | Intervention | Contextual moderators | No |
Handoll 2016 [25] | Described how the intended fracture population was practically achieved in pragmatic RCT, including results of formal independent assessment and classification of trial fractures | Quantitative Detailed author description Trial dataset | Intervention and trial | Reach | No |
Handoll 2015 [26] | |||||
Handoll 2014 [27] | Described processes undertaken to ensure usual care received by both groups in trial was good quality and comparable, including results of methods described | Quantitative Detailed author description Deliverer self-report | Intervention and trial | How delivery is achieved Fidelity | No |
Handoll 2015 [26] | |||||
Hall 2017 [28] | Investigated mediators of intervention outcome | Quantitative Trial dataset | Intervention | Mediators | No |
Hill 2016 [29] | Explored perceptions of ward staff about how intervention contributed to outcome, and experience of intervention being delivered on their ward | Qualitative Focus groups | Intervention | How delivery is achieved Participant responses Contextual moderators Causal mechanisms in context Contextual factors shaping intervention theory | No |
Hill 2016 [30] | Explored patient experiences of intervention and perceived barriers to engagement | Qualitative Semi-structured questionnaires | Intervention | Participant responses Causal mechanisms in context Contextual factors shaping intervention theory | Yes |
Hill 2015 [31] | Explored perceptions of intervention deliverers of delivering intervention and how the intervention worked | Qualitative Focus groups, interview, field notes, intervention notes | Intervention | How delivery is achieved Contextual factors shaping intervention theory Participant responses Causal mechanisms in context | Yes |
Keding 2019 [32] | Explored how patient and surgeon treatment preferences impacted recruitment, trial conduct, and patient outcomes | Quantitative Trial dataset | Intervention and trial | Reach Participant responses Contextual moderators | No |
Handoll 2015 [26] | |||||
Knowles 2015 [33] | Explored patient experiences of the intervention, including acceptability, ease of use, barriers to engagement, content, accessibility, and support. Also explored healthcare professional perceptions of feasibility and which patients’ intervention most suited to. | Qualitative Interviews | Intervention | Participant responses How delivery is achieved Reach Causal mechanisms in context Contextual moderators Unintended consequences Contextual factors shaping intervention theory | Yes |
Littlewood 2015 [34] | |||||
Nichols 2017 [35] | Explored experiences of patients about intervention, with focus on patient adherence, and how changed over time | Qualitative Interviews (longitudinal) | Intervention | Participant responses Causal mechanisms in context Contextual moderators How delivery is achieved | No |
Williams 2015 [36] | |||||
Novak 2015 [37] | Investigated whether and how trial sites supplied thawed plasma in a timely manner | Quantitative Detailed author description Observation, reports from sites | Intervention and trial | Fidelity How delivery is achieved | No |
Sands 2016 [38] | Explored how the flexible complex intervention was delivered in real-world complex settings | Qualitative Trial dataset | Intervention | How delivery is achieved Adaptations Contextual moderators Participant responses Unintended consequences Contextual factors shaping intervention theory Fidelity | No |
Saville 2016 [39] | Explored preferences and experiences of intervention deliverers about various aspects of intervention | Quantitative Questionnaire | Intervention | How delivery is achieved | No |
Tjia 2017 [40] | Investigated patients’ perceptions of benefits and drawbacks of intervention | Quantitative Questionnaire | Intervention | Participant responses | No |
Vennik 2019 [41] | Explored views and experiences of parents and practice nurses of intervention and usual care | Qualitative Interviews | Intervention | Participant responses How delivery is achieved Contextual factors shaping intervention theory Causal mechanisms in context Unintended consequences | No |
Williamson 2016 [42] |