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Table 4 Biochemical parameter values of the study groups at baseline and at the end of the intervention

From: Whey protein supplementation reducing fasting levels of anandamide and 2-AG without weight loss in pre-menopausal women with obesity on a weight-loss diet

Variable

Intervention group (n = 30)

Control group (n = 30)

pvalueb,c

AEA (ng/ml)

Before

11.50 (8.83)a

8.07 (6.21)

0.090b

After

5.49 (4.23)

7.25 (5.90)

< 0.001c

pd

< 0.001

0.006

 

2-AG (ng/ml)

Before

16.39 (13.36)

11.92 (8.99)

0.183b

After

8.11 (7.72)

10.64 (8.38)

0.001c

pd

< 0.001

0.012

 

TC (mg/dl)

Before

141.51 (20.14)

148.53 (26.37)

0.257b

After

129.63 (19.72)

146.79 (24.60)

0.013c

pd

0.003

0.707

 

LDL-C (mg/dl)

Before

75.3 (15.98)

75.06 (12.53)

0.950b

After

68.46 (9.05)

72.51 (11.07)

0.095c

pd

0.014

0.258

 

HDL-C (mg/dl)

Before

40.33 (4.03)

41.43 (5.36)

0.373b

After

44.21 (4.71)

41.41 (5.60)

0.006c

pd

< 0.001

0.983

 

TG (mg/dl)

Before

132.03 (34.33)

136.96 (50.83)

0.661b

After

108.49 (25.18)

130.17 (49.98)

0.030c

pd

< 0.001

0.346

 

FBS (mg/dl)

Before

86.66 (9.89)

81.76 (10.09)

0.062b

After

79.37 (8.31)

79.39 (8.08)

0.044c

pd

< 0.001

0.035

 

Insulin (μIU/ml)

Before

9.30 (5.10)

7.62 (5.16)

0.220b

After

5.65 (2.33)

5.91 (3.20)

0.124c

pd

< 0.001

0.018

 

HOMA-IR

Before

1.96 (1.00)

1.60 (1.24)

0.213b

After

1.11 (0.49)

1.17 (0.69)

0.070c

pd

< 0.001

0.010

 
  1. MD mean difference, CI confidence interval, AEA anandamide (AEA), 2-AG 2-arachidonoylglyceride, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, FBS fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance
  2. aMean (SD). p values of statistical significance (p < 0.05) are presented in bold
  3. bIndependent t test for TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, and FBS and Mann-Whitney U for AEA, 2-AG, insulin, and HOMA-IR
  4. cAnalysis of covariance (adjusted for changes in intake of energy, percent of carbohydrate, protein, total fat, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and other fat and baseline values)
  5. dPaired t test for TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, and FBS and Wilcoxon for AEA, 2-AG, insulin, and HOMA-IR