The effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) powder supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 4 The effects of dill supplementation on serum levels of antioxidant and inflammatory markers at baseline and postintervention

Variables	Dill powder (n = 21)	Placebo (n = 21)	P value^a	P value^b	P value^c	P value^d
MDA (μM)
Baseline	3.34 ± 2.05	3.72 ± 2.09	0.554	0.886
End	2.22 ± 1.57	4.06 ± 2.32	0.005*	0.000*
P value^e	0.034*	0.354
Difference	−1.11 ± 2.24	0.33 ± 1.62			0.021*	0.013*
TAC (mM)
Baseline	0.19 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.03	0.103	0.137
End	0.25 ± 0.09	0.16 ± 0.06	0.001*	0.004*
P value^e	0.025*	0.793
Difference	0.058 ± 0.11	−0.004 ± 0.7			0.339	0.145
hs-CRP (mg/l)
Baseline	4.13 ± 0.84	4.29 ± 0.70	0.506	0.388
End	3.87 ± 0.89	4.32 ± 0.93	0.122	0.143
P value^e	0.283	0.872
Difference	−0.25 ± 1.06	0.2 ± 0.8			0.332	0.649

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation
hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, MDA malondialdehyde
*P < 0.05 considered as significant, and significant values are shown in bold type
^aBetween-group comparison of variables at baseline and after intervention from independent sample t test (for all variables)
^bBetween-group comparison of variables at baseline and after intervention from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the adjusted models (adjusted for age, duration of disease, dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, antioxidant, vitamins such as vitamins A, C and E, physical activity and body mass index)
^cBetween-group comparisons mean changes of variables from Mann–Whitney U test (for total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and independent t test (for other variables)
^dBetween-group comparisons mean changes of variables from ANCOVA (adjusted for age, duration of disease, changes of body mass index, dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, vitamin A, C and E and physical activity)
^eWithin-group comparison of variables from paired t test (for all variables)

ISSN: 1745-6215