The effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) powder supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake at baseline and postintervention

Variables	Dill powder (n = 21)	Placebo (n = 21)	P value^a	P value^b
Energy (kcal)
Baseline	1881 ± 161	1796 ± 167	0.100	0.113
End	1861 ± 176	1811 ± 163	0.339	0.257
P value^c	0.412	0.593
Carbohydrate (g)
Baseline	249.61 ± 23.19	240.40 ± 20.46	0.180	0.146
End	246.51 ± 23.61	238.23 ± 14.28	0.179	0.113
P value^c	0.270	0.536
Protein (g)
Baseline	75.41 ± 6.15	73.43 ± 6.09	0.303	0.240
End	74.61 ± 5.72	72.04 ± 6.65	0.187	0.145
P value^c	0.210	0.135
Fat (g)
Baseline	61.53 ± 5.37	59.66 ± 4.74	0.241	0.196
End	60.26 ± 6.24	61.93 ± 4.32	0.169	0.098
P value^c	0.147	0.113
Vitamin A (U)
Baseline	377.38 ± 103.76	321.32 ± 85.71	0.064	0.034*
End	368.66 ± 115.02	352.93 ± 88.03	0.622	0.693
P value^c	0.779	0.159
Vitamin C (mg)
Baseline	87.03 ± 27.87	91.36 ± 29.58	0.628	0.744
End	91.44 ± 30.92	96.85 ± 32.20	0.582	0.633
P value^c	0.592	0.541
Vitamin E (mg)
Baseline	2.03 ± 0.72	2.38 ± 0.85	0.166	0.205
End	1.85 ± 0.52	2.12 ± 0.63	0.146	0.136
P value^c	0.171	0.095

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation
*P < 0.05 considered as significant, and significant values are shown in bold type
^aBetween-group comparison of variables at baseline and after intervention from independent t test (for all variables)
^bBetween-group comparison of variables at baseline and after intervention from analysis of covariance in the adjusted models (adjusted for age, duration of disease and body mass index)
^cWithin-group comparison of variables from paired sample t test (for all variables)