Electronic pillbox-enabled self-administered therapy versus standard directly observed therapy for tuberculosis medication adherence and treatment outcomes in Ethiopia (SELFTB): protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Summary of existing literature on TB digital adherence technologies

Reference	Country	Design	Outcome measure	Finding
SMS
Bediang et al. 2018 [37]	Cameroon	RCT: SMS vs DOT	Treatment success, cure	No significant difference
Fang et al. 2017 [38]	China	RCT: SMS vs DOT	Treatment completion	High
Mohammed et al. 2016 [39]	Pakistan	RCT: SMS vs DOT	Treatment success, cure	No significant difference
Liu et al. 2015 [40]	China	RCT: 4 arms	Pill count, adherence	No significant improvement
Iribarren et al. 2013 [41]	Argentina	Cross-sectional	Feasibility and acceptability	acceptable and feasible
MERM
Onwubiko et al. 2019 [42]	USA	RCT: MERM vs DOT	Treatment completion	Low
Park et al. 2019 [43]	Morocco	RCT: MERM vs DOT	Treatment success, cure	High
Liu et al. 2017 [44]	China	Multi-method	User performance, satisfaction	High
Broomhead et al. 2012 [45]	USA	Cross-sectional	Treatment outcome, cost	High, lower cost per patient
Thakkar et al. 2019 [46]	India	Cohort, 99DOTS used	Treatment adherence	High
VDOT
Lam et al. 2018 [47]	USA	RCT. VDOT vs DOT	Treatment completion	High
Garfein et al. 2018 [48]	USA	RCT: VDOT vs DOT	Adherence, cost	High, lower cost
Nguyen et al. 2017 [49]	Vietnam	Prospective cohort	Treatment adherence	High
Chuck et al. 2016 [50]	USA	RCT: VDOT vs DOT	Treatment completion	High
Garfein et al. 2015 [51]	USA, Mexico	Single-arm trial	Treatment adherence	High in both settings

DOT directly observed therapy, RCT randomized control trial, VDOT video directly observed therapy

ISSN: 1745-6215