Table 2 Patient, pathogen, and infection characteristics in the BALANCE-Ward pilot RCT compared to the BALANCE-ICU pilot RCT
Characteristic | BALANCE-Ward pilot n = 134 | BALANCE-ICU pilot n = 115 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristic | |||
Male sex | 65 (49) | 63 (55) | 0.32 |
Age in years | 72 (62–82) | 67 (57–78) | 0.01 |
SOFA score on day 0 | 2 (0–3) | 6 (4–9) | < 0.001 |
Comorbiditya | |||
Coronary artery disease | 19 (14) | 23 (20) | 0.22 |
Congestive heart failure | 11 (8) | 16 (14) | 0.15 |
Arrhythmia | 18 (14) | 15 (13) | 0.93 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (5) | 14 (12) | 0.03 |
Diabetes mellitus | 31 (23) | 40 (35) | 0.04 |
Renal insufficiency | 16 (12) | 13 (11) | 0.88 |
Dialysis dependency | 3 (2) | 4 (4) | 0.71 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7 (5) | 16 (14) | 0.02 |
Liver disease | 1 (1) | 8 (7) | 0.01 |
Obesity | 6 (5) | 16 (14) | 0.01 |
Solid malignancy | 40 (30) | 18 (16) | 0.01 |
Leukemia/lymphoma | 6 (5) | 1 (1) | 0.13 |
Corticosteroid use/immunosuppression | 22 (17) | 10 (9) | 0.07 |
Infection characteristics | |||
Acquisition of bacteremia | < 0.001 | ||
Community-acquired | 113 (84) | 69 (60) | |
Hospital-acquired | 21 (16) | 46 (40) | |
Source of bacteremia | < 0.001 | ||
Lung | 9 (7) | 31 (27) | |
Intra-abdominal/hepato-biliary | 23 (17) | 29 (25) | |
Urinary tract | 65 (49) | 26 (23) | |
Vascular-catheter related | 7 (5) | 9 (8) | |
Skin and/or soft tissue | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | |
Other | 6 (4) | 4 (3) | |
Undefined/unknown | 20 (15) | 12 (10) | |
Most commonly isolated pathogens in blood culturesb | |||
Escherichia coli | 65 (49) | 28 (24) | < 0.001 |
Klebsiella spp. | 19 (14) | 18 (16) | 0.74 |
Enterococcus spp. | 6 (4) | 17 (15) | 0.01 |
Streptococcus pneumonia | 8 (6) | 13 (11) | 0.13 |
Coagulase negative staphylococci | 1 (1) | 10 (9) | 0.002 |
Enterobacter spp. | 8 (6) | 6 (5) | 0.80 |
Pseudomonas spp. | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 1.00 |
Serratia spp. | 3 (2) | 4 (3) | 0.71 |
Citrobacter spp. | 2 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.66 |
Streptococcus anginosus group | 2 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.66 |