Table 1 Characteristics of randomized controlled trials with intervention of oral hydration among patients undergoing coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary intervention
Study | Year | Sample size | Procedure | Contrast agent | Kidney function of participants | Contrast-induced nephropathy definition | Intervention protocols | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regimen one | Regimen two | |||||||
Wrobel et al. [24] | 2010 | 102 | Elective CAG/PCI | Low osmolality, non-ionic (isoverol) | CKD and diabetes mellitus | > 44.2 μmol/L (> 0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a > 25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 72 h of contrast exposure | Oral mineral water 1 mL/kg/h for 6–12 h before and 12 h after contrast exposure | Isotonic saline, IV, 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h before and 12 h after contrast exposure (reduced to 50% in patients with CHF) |
Kong et al. [26] | 2012 | 120 | Elective CAG | Low osmolality,ionic (iopromide) | Normal renal function | > 44.2 μmol/L (> 0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a > 25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 48–72 h of contrast exposure | Oral 2000 mL neutral water within 24 h after and/or 500 mL water before contrast exposure | Isotonic saline, IV, 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and 24 h after contrast exposure |
Akyuz et al. [12] | 2014 | 225 | Elective CAG | Non-ionic low osmolar iopromide, Ultravist | At least one of the high-risk factors for developing CI-AKI (advanced age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anemia, hyperuricemia, a history of cardiac failure or systolic dysfunction), eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min) | > 44.2 μmol/L (> 0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a > 25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 48 h of contrast exposure | Drink neutral water as much as possible for 12 h before and 2 h after contrast exposure | Isotonic saline, IV, 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and 12 h after contrast exposure |
Cho et al. [25] | 2010 | 91 | Elective CAG | Low osmolality, non-ionic (isoverol) | CKD (baseline creatinine at least 1.1 md/dL or eGFR < 60 mL/min) | > 44.2 μmol/L (> 0.5 mg/dL) absolute increase or a > 25% relative increase in serum creatinine within 72 h of contrast exposure | Water; 500 mL started 4 h prior and stopped 2 h prior to procedure followed by oral hydration with 600 mL of water post-procedure | Isotonic saline or sodium bicarbonate solution, IV, 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 6 h after contrast exposure (for patients greater than 110 kg, infusion rates will be based on that for a 110 kg person |
Angoulvant et al. [30] | 2009 | 201 | Elective CAG | Ionic low osmolar (Hexabrix) | Serum creatinine < 140 μmol/L | The change in calculated creatinine clearance in 24 h and 3 days | 1000 mL isotonic saline, IV, during and oral 2000 mL tap water within 24 h after contrast exposure | Oral 2000 mL tap water within 24 h after contrast exposure |
Taylor et al. [21] | 1998 | 36 | Elective cardiac catheterization | Ionic contrast media in most cases | Renal dysfunction (serum creatinine ≥ 1.4 mg/dL) | An increase in creatinine of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL within 48 h of contrast exposure | Oral 1000 mL water over 10 h before then 0.45% saline, IV, 300 mL/h during and 6 h after contrast exposure | 0.45% saline, IV, 75 mL/h for 12 h before and 12 h after contrast exposure |